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English and Comparative Literature 225 Anniversary Timeline

1795, January 15 - University Opens

On January 15, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill opens its doors. However, no students would arrive until mid-February. David Ker (1758-1805), a Presbyterian minister from Northern Ireland, was the only professor teaching at the University and held the title of presiding professor, an equivalent to the president of the University. In April the faculty doubled with the addition of Charles Wilson Harris (1771-1804), a tutor of mathematics.

On January 15, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill opens its doors to students. However, no students would arrive until mid-February. David Ker (1758-1805) a Presbyterian minister from Northern Ireland, was the only professor teaching at the University and held the title of presiding professor, an equivalent to the president of the University. His duties were to “superintend all the studies & particularly those of the senior class... perform morning & evening prayer & examine the Students each Sunday evening on the questions previously given them on the general principles of Morality & religion... [and] deliver a lecture once in the week on the principles of Agriculture; Botany, Zoology, Mineralogy or Commerce” (Board of Trustees 1-2). In April the faculty doubled with the addition of Charles Wilson Harris (1771-1804), a tutor of mathematics.

While students began arriving in 1795, William Richardson Davie (1756-1820) wrote the act that established the University in 1789. In 1793, construction for the first building, Old East, began. Old East, together with most of the first buildings on campus including the Old Chapel (Person Hall), Old West, the New Chapel (Gerrard Hall) and additions to Old East and Old West were constructed by enslaved Africans and their descendants (“Slavery and the Making of the University”). Moreover, enslaved peoples were responsible for much of the maintenance of the arduous early life of the University before electricity and running water, including serving many students who lived on campus. In addition to this forced labor, early funds used to build the university came from the sale of enslaved peoples who were defined by the law as escheats. According to Slavery and the Making of the University, when the General Assembly charted the university in 1789, they did so without allotting any direct appropriations instead granting “the Board of Trustees wo sources of income: monies owed the state for certain kinds of arrearages up to 1 January 1783 and ‘all the property that has heretofore or shall hereafter escheat to the state.’” This led to the University to acquire significant wealth as it inherited property over time. Because enslaved peoples were often included in such escheated property, the university gained wealth by selling the enslaved peoples they acquired through this process.

SOURCES
Ballinger, Susan, et al. Slavery and the Making of the University, UNC Libraries, https://exhibits.lib.unc.edu/exhibits/show/slavery.
Lindemann, Erika. “The Early Faculty.” True and Candid Compositions: The Lives and Writings of Antebellum Students at the University of North Carolina. 2005. Documenting the American South. University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, https://docsouth.unc.edu/true/chapter/chp01-02/chp01-02.html.

Blackburn, George T., II. “Charles Wilson Harris.” Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, edited by William S. Powell. U of North Carolina P, 1988. Rpt. in NCPedia, https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/harris-charles-wilson.

University of North Carolina (1793-1962). Board of Trustees. “"Laws and Regulations for the University of North Carolina," August 2, 1795.” Pettigrew Family Papers (#592), transcribed by John Pettigrew, Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. https://docsouth.unc.edu/true/mss01-02/mss01-02.html.

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1. 1795, January 15 - University Opens On January 15, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill opens its doors. However, no students would arrive until mid-February. David Ker (1758-1805), a Presbyterian minister from Northern Ireland, was the only professor teaching at the University and held the title of presiding professor, an equivalent to the president of the University. In April the faculty doubled with the addition of Charles Wilson Harris (1771-1804), a tutor of mathematics.
2. 1796, July - David Ker (1758-1805) Resigns
3. 1875, September 15 - The University Reopens with a College of Literature
4. 1818 - William Mercer Green (1798-1887) Graduates
5. 1844 - The University Magazine of 1844
6. 1829 - George Moses Horton (born c. 1797) Publishes Poetry Collection
7. 1996 - Mae Gwendolyn Henderson joins the Faculty
9. 1805 - Curriculum Changes Become Effective
10. 1826 - Caroline and Nicholas Hentz
11. 1795, December - Davie's Plan of Study Proposed
13. 1796 - The Preparatory School Established
14. 1999 - María DeGuzmán joins the faculty In July 1999, María DeGuzmán (1964-) joins the faculty. Together with Tyler Curtain and Erin Carlston, the three bring the study and teaching of queer theory to the department. Additionally in that same year, DeGuzmán taught the first Department of English courses in Latina/o literature, photography, and film. Fall 1999 she establishes The UNC Latina/o Cultures Speakers Series and later, in 2004, The UNC Latina/o Studies Program, the first of its kind in the Southeast.
15. 1965 - Karen Lynn Parker (1943- ) Graduates
16. 1935 - Josefina Niggli
17. 2020, February 12 - Greenlaw Gameroom Launches
18. 1920 - Thomas Wolfe (1900-1938) Graduates
19. 1852, February - The North Carolina University Magazine Published A successor to The University Magazine of 1844, the student-led North Carolina University Magazine is published from February 1852 until May 1861. After the Civil War, it reappears as University Magazine but fails after seven issues. Revived in February 1882, it enjoyed uninterrupted success until June 1895. Revived again in November 1897, it continued publication under various titles and sponsorships until 1948, when it became the Carolina Quarterly.
20. 1856, December - Hildreth Hosea Smith (1820-1908) Becomes Professor of Modern Languages
21. 1887 - Stephen B. Weeks (1865-1918) Receives First Earned Graduate Degrees in English
22. 2020, Spring - 2021, Fall - COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts UNC
23. 1918 - Frederick Koch (1877-1944) Founds the Carolina Playmakers
24. 1838, August - John DeBerniere Hooper (1811-1886) Becomes Professor of Latin and French Languages In August the professorship of modern languages, held by John DeBerniere Hooper since 1836, is retitled the professorship of French. The professorship of ancient languages is abolished and separate professorships are created for Greek and Latin. Hooper continues to teach both Latin and French for several years, although his teaching of French is occasionally assigned to other instructors whose tenure was usually short-lived.
25. 1864 - Edwin Wiley Fuller (1847-1876) Enrolls
27. 1927 - Construction of Wilson Library Begins
28. 1795, February 2 - First Student Arrives On February 2 1795, the first student, James Hinton from Wilmington, North Carolina, arrives at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Two weeks later, Hinton is joined by Maurice Moore, Alfred Moore, Richard Eagles, John Taylor, William M. Sneed, Hutchins G. Burton, Francis Burton, and Robert H. Burton, Junior. By the end of the first year, the student body consisted of 41 young white men.
29. 1849 - Albert Micajah Shipp (1819-1887) Becomes Professor of English Literature
30. 1927 - Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980) Establishes The Bull’s Head Bookstore
31. 1962 - 1973 U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War Prompts Student Protests U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began in 1954, when American advisors and military aid were sent to South Vietnam to support the government in its war against communist North Vietnam. President Kennedy increased the American military presence in 1962, and President Johnson escalated the war in the mid-1960s, sending hundreds of thousands of combat troops to support the South Vietnamese army. A growing anti-war movement and rising death tolls eventually led to a peace agreement between the U.S. and North Vietnam in January 1973. However, hostilities between North and South Vietnam continued until April 30, 1975. More than three million people, including 58,000 Americans, died over the course of the war, more than half of them Vietnamese civilians (Britannica).
32. 1865, April 16 - May 2 - Chapel Hill Occupied Approximately 450 Union cavalry troops commanded by Gen. Smith Dykins Atkins (1835-1913) occupy Chapel Hill from April 16 to May 2. Classes are suspended and some of the officers are quartered in University dormitories. Atkins posts guards from the Ninth Michigan Regiment at all houses requesting protection, and Union Gen. Francis Blair (1821-1875), a UNC alumnus, sets a Federal guard over the University campus.
33. 1885 - Thomas Hume (1836-1912) Becomes Professor of English Language and Literature
34. 1979 - Thadious Davis (1944- ) Joins the Department of English Professors Thadious Davis together with Professor Trudier Harris, who was hired in the same year, become the first Black women on the English faculty. She is currently the Geraldine R. Segal Professor of American Social Thought and Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania. She has published extensively in African American literature and Southern literature focusing on race, region and gender.
36. 1921 - Paul Green (1894-1941) Graduates
37. 1945 - Two Japanese American students come to UNC after internment camps
38. 1795 - The Debating Society Founded
39. 1818 - Addition of Professorship of Rhetoric and Logic
40. 1913 - Edward Kidder Graham (1876-1918) Becomes UNC President
41. 1914 - Edwin Greenlaw (1874-1931) Becomes Chair of the Department of English
42. 1947 - Jesse Rehder (1908-1967) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
43. 1951 - Harvey Beech (1924-2005), James L. Lassiter (1909-2003), J. Kenneth Lee (1923-2018), Floyd McKissick (1922-1991), and James Robert Walker (1924-1997 )
46. 1931 - Charles Phillips Russell (1884-1974) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
48. 1905 - Louis Round Wilson (1876-1979) Receives English Department's Second Ph.D.
49. 2018 - English and Comparative Literature Major Redesigned To reflect the variety of offerings within the department and provide students with an opportunity to customize their major, the curriculum was redesigned with six new concentrations: British and American literature; comparative and world literatures; creative writing; film studies; science, medicine, and literature; social justice and literature; writing, editing, and digital publishing. The new major also promotes the benefits of double majoring.
50. 2021 - 225th Celebration
51. 1931 - Contempo Published; the Intimate Bookshop Opens
53. 2015 - M.A. in Literature, Medicine, and Culture In 2015, the Department of English & Comparative Literature launches a new Masters program in English & Comparative Literature with a concentration in Literature, Medicine, and Culture alongside the HHIVE Lab, a health humanities research lab founded by Professors Jane Thrailkill and Jordynn Jack. Together, the LMC MA program and HHIVE Lab work closely with the Department of Anthropology and the Department of Social Medicine to offer an interdisciplinary curriculum in health humanities and support student and faculty research that combines humanities and health.
56. 2008 - Beverly Taylor (1947- ) Becomes Chair of Department of English
57. 1967 - The First Film Course Offered The Department of English offers the first film course in the 1967-1968 academic year. English 42, “Movie Criticism,” cross-listed with RTVMP 42 in the Department of Radio, Television, and Motion Pictures, is taught by Professor Kimball King (1934-2019) and Martha Nell Hardy (1925-2005). Professor Howard Harper (1930-2019) begins teaching the course the following year as part of his regular assignment until his retirement.
58. 1999 - Thomas Wolfe Prize and Lecture Established
59. 2011 - The Digital Innovation Lab Launches Established in 2011, the Digital Innovation Lab (DIL) aims to “integrate project-based, digital methodologies into humanities scholarship and to promote public humanities through digital innovation” (“Our History”). The DIL is a function of the Carolina Digital Humanities, a set of partnerships and programs promoting “innovation in digital teaching, research and outreach in the arts and humanities” (“About CDH/DIL”)
61. 1963, June 26 - Speaker Ban Law Passes; Protests Ensue The Act to Regulate Visiting Speakers is adopted on June 26, 1963, and bars speakers on any UNC system campus who are members of the Communist Party, among other alleged activities. Students protested the so-called Speaker Ban Law and challenged it by inviting Frank Wilkinson and Herbert Aptheker to speak on campus in March 1966. Students listened as the speakers stood on the public sidewalk bordering McCorkle Place. A lawsuit, Dickson v. Sitterson, overturned the law in 1968.
62. 1968 - Daphne Athas (1923-2020) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
63. 1973 - Cellar Door Established In 1973, Cellar Door, an undergraduate literary journal at Carolina, begins publication. Published each fall and spring in print and online, the magazine seeks to showcase undergraduate students’ outstanding poetry, prose, and art. Students can apply to join the reading staff, and creative writing faculty members such as Max Steele (1922-2005) and Randall Kenan (1963-2020) have served as judges for work submitted by UNC students. English Professor Michael McFee (1954- ) is currently the student advisor for the journal.
64. 1983 - Louis Rubin (1923-2013) Founds Algonquin Books
65. 2013 - Jane Austen Summer Program Inaugurated
66. 1929 - Henry Owl (1897-1980) Graduates with an M.A.
67. 1936 - A Handbook to Literature Published by Doubleday
68. 1946 - Katherine Kennedy Carmichael (1912-1982) Becomes Dean of Women
69. 1969 - Blyden Jackson (1910-2000) Joins the Faculty Blyden Jackson, begins teaching in the English department. Professor Jackson was the first tenured Black faculty member at UNC, and developed and taught the first courses in African American literature at UNC. Additionally, he chaired the advisory committee overseeing the curricula that eventually became the Department of Afro and African American Studies. He also served as Associate Dean of the Graduate School from 1973 to 1981, helping to recruit and retain Black graduate students and faculty members.
71. 1901 - Yackety Yack First Published
72. 1871, February 1 - The University Closes for Four Years
73. 1975, April - Women’s Studies Program Approved
74. 1890 - The Hellenian First Published
75. 2003 - Randall Garrett Kenan (1963-2020) Joins the Faculty
76. 2004, September 20 - Latina/o Studies Program Founded The Latina/o Studies Program, the first program of its kind in the Southeast, is inaugurated on September 20. Professor María DeGuzmán (1964- ), who joined the faculty in July 1999, is the founding director of the program. The program, housed in the Department of English & Comparative Literature, offers undergraduate and graduate level classes across multiple departments and hosts an undergraduate minor, several speaker series, undergraduate and graduate symposia, instructional support for graduate students, working groups, a film database, and literary and cultural studies events.
78. 1893 - Shinzaburo Mogi
79. 1965 - The Writing Center Begins with English UNC institutes a temporary grade CC (composition condition), which prevents students from graduating until they complete English C, a tutorial, noncredit “review of grammar, vocabulary, spelling, and composition” (Catalogue 1965-1966, 191). Seen as punitive, English C was discontinued in the 1980s, and the one-person Writing Laboratory became the Writing Center to help students with all elements of academic writing.
82. 1799 - Faculty Members Resign
83. 1966 - Doris Betts (1932-2012) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
84. 1877 - The Summer Normal School Opens
85. 1979 - Trudier Harris (1948- ) Joins the Department of English Professor Trudier Harris together with Professor Thadious Davis, who was hired in the same year, become the first Black women on the English faculty. Professor Harris remained with the department, with the exception of a brief stint at Emory University from 1993-1996, until her retirement from UNC in 2009. She held the J. Carlyle Sitterson Distinguished Professorship of English from 1988-1993 and 1996-2009. The author and editor of 24 books and numerous articles, Harris has published widely on African American literature and folklore.
86. 2006 - The William Blake Archive Arrives at UNC
87. 1924 - Department of Journalism Established Professor Louis Graves (1883-1965), who taught journalism courses in the Department of English, resigned in 1921 to found the Chapel Hill Weekly. He was succeeded by Professor Gerald Johnson (1890-1980), who became the first head of the Department of Journalism in 1924. The department would become the School of Journalism in 1950 and is currently known as the Hussman School of Journalism and Media.
88. 1948 - The Carolina Quarterly Launches
90. 1955 - LeRoy Frasier (1937-2017), Ralph Frasier (1939?- ), and John Lewis Brandon (1938?-2018)
91. 1997 - SITES Launches
92. 2008 - The Department of American Studies Formed The Curriculum in Folklore and the Curriculum in American Studies are merged to form the Department of American Studies. Professor Joy Kasson (1944- ) becomes the department’s first chair. The Department offers undergraduate majors and minors in five areas of study—American Studies, American Indian and Indigenous Studies, Folklore Studies, Southern Studies, and Global American Studies—together with graduate degrees.
93. 1949 - C. Hugh Holman (1914-1981) Joins the Department of English
94. 1957 - O.B. Hardison, Jr. (1927-1990) Joins the Department of English
95. 1996 - UNC Libraries Launches Documenting the American South
96. 1967 - Louis D. Rubin (1923-2013) Begins Teaching English
98. 1980 - Erika Lindemann (1946- ) Becomes Director of Composition
99. 1897 - The Concept of a Major Introduced
100. 1998 - Rashmi Varma Joins the Faculty
101. 1936 - Department of Dramatic Art
104. 1972 - Patsy Brewington Perry (1933- ) Earns Ph.D. in English
108. 1886, October - The Shakespeare Club Founded
109. 1922 - Enrollments Increase to Over 2000 Students
111. 1986 - The Southern Folklife Collection Established The Southern Folklife Collection is created in 1986 by merging the UNC Folklore Archives, established by faculty members in the Curriculum in Folklore in 1968, and the John Edwards Memorial Collection, purchased in 1983. A component of the Manuscripts Department of the UNC-Chapel Hill University Library, the Southern Folklife Collection houses a remarkable collection of archival resources for the study of American folk music and popular culture.
113. 1930 - Orpah Cummings (1908-1994) Joins the Department as Secretary
114. 1861, May 20 - North Carolina Secedes
115. 1969 - Department of African, African American, and Diaspora Studies Established In response to increased activism on the part of students, the Faculty Council voted to establish a curriculum in African studies in 1969 and a curriculum in African American studies in 1972. The curricula were merged in 1979 and became the Department of Afro and African-American Studies in 1997, renamed the Department of African, African American, and Diaspora Studies in 2013. English Professor Trudier Harris (1948- ) chaired the curriculum from 1990-1992.
116. 1990 - Pamela Cooper Joins the Faculty
118. 1915 - UNC Enrollment Tops 1000 Students for the First Time
119. 1923 - Majors and Minors Established
121. 1979 - English 131 Established
122. 1993 - Morgan Writer-in-Residence Program Established The Morgan Writer-in-Residence Program is established with Shelby Foote becoming its first writer-in-residence. In 2013 it became the Distinguished Writer-in-Residence Program, and in 2016, the Frank B. Hanes Writer-in-Residence program. The program brings “significant contemporary writers to campus to meet with students and faculty, to visit classes, and to give readings, talks, and symposia” (“Frank B. Hanes Writer-in-Residence”).
124. 2006 - The Department of English and Comparative Literature
126. 1924 - Irene Dillard Elliott (1892-1978) Earns a Ph.D. in English
128. 1948 - David Henry Malone (1919-2003) Defends First Comparative Literature Dissertation
129. 1954 - The Honors Program Established
131. 1971 - Graduate Students Form the English Club
132. 1893, January 20 - The Philological Club Organized
133. 1917-1918 - World War I
135. 1943 - Post-War Committee
136. 1966 - Curriculum in American Studies Established
137. 1971 - Leroy Martin (1943-1988) Earns Ph.D. in English
138. 1877 - Modern Graduate Degrees Established
142. 1972 - First Class on Women in Literature

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“Old Chapel Hill Cemetery Monument.”