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English and Comparative Literature 225 Anniversary Timeline

1865, April 16 - May 2 - Chapel Hill Occupied

Approximately 450 Union cavalry troops commanded by Gen. Smith Dykins Atkins (1835-1913)  occupy Chapel Hill from April 16 to May 2. Classes are suspended and some of the officers are quartered in University dormitories. Atkins posts guards from the Ninth Michigan Regiment at all houses requesting protection, and Union Gen. Francis Blair (1821-1875), a UNC alumnus, sets a Federal guard over the University campus.

The occupation was preceded by Confederate cavalry troops under the command of Gen. Joe Wheeler retreating through Chapel Hill after the Battle of Bentonville. At the same time, University President David L. Swain (1801-1868) was in Raleigh, together with other “peace commissioners”  to meet with Gen. Sherman in hopes of saving Raleigh and the University from the fate that had befallen Atlanta, Columbia, and other cities in Sherman's path.

During the 17 days of the occupation of Chapel Hill, the townspeople learned of Gen. Lee's surrender, President Lincoln's assassination, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's surrender to Sherman at the Bennett farmhouse a few miles northwest of Chapel Hill, near Durham's Station. A local scandal developed when Gen. Atkins married Eleanor Swain (1842-1881), daughter of President Swain in August 1865.

When the Federal cavalry left Chapel Hill for Lexington, NC, on May 3, 1865, a guard of 35 soldiers from the Tenth Ohio Regiment stayed behind to protect University property. Some of the soldiers attended the commencement exercises; only four (of the 15) graduates were present to receive diplomas.

SOURCES

Battle, Kemp P.  History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I: From Its Beginning to the Death of President Swain, 1789-1868.  Raleigh: Edwards & Broughton Printing Co., 1907. 741-748.  Rpt. in Documenting the American South.  University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/battle1/battle1.html.

Lindemann, Erika.  “Civil War.”  True and Candid Compositions: The Lives and Writings of Antebellum Students at the University of North Carolina. 2005.  Documenting the American South.  University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,  https://docsouth.unc.edu/true/chapter/chp06-01/chp06-01.html.

Spencer, Cornelia Phillips. The Last Ninety Days of the War in North-Carolina. New York: Watchman Publishing Company, 1866. Rpt. in Documenting the American South.  University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005, https://docsouth.unc.edu/true/spencer/spencer.html#p172.

Vickers, James, Thomas Scism, and Dixon Qualls. Chapel Hill: An Illustrated History. Carrboro, N.C.: Barclay Publishers, 1985.

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Contents of this tag:
1. 1795, January 15 - University Opens On January 15, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill opens its doors. However, no students would arrive until mid-February. David Ker (1758-1805), a Presbyterian minister from Northern Ireland, was the only professor teaching at the University and held the title of presiding professor, an equivalent to the president of the University. In April the faculty doubled with the addition of Charles Wilson Harris (1771-1804), a tutor of mathematics.
2. 1875, September 15 - The University Reopens with a College of Literature
3. 1796, July - David Ker (1758-1805) Resigns
4. 1818 - William Mercer Green (1798-1887) Graduates
5. 1844 - The University Magazine of 1844
6. 1996 - Mae Gwendolyn Henderson joins the Faculty
7. 1829 - George Moses Horton (born c. 1797) Publishes Poetry Collection
9. 1805 - Curriculum Changes Become Effective
10. 1795, December - Davie's Plan of Study Proposed
12. 1826 - Caroline and Nicholas Hentz
13. 1935 - Josefina Niggli
14. 2020, February 12 - Greenlaw Gameroom Launches
15. 1999 - María DeGuzmán joins the faculty In July 1999, María DeGuzmán (1964-) joins the faculty. Together with Tyler Curtain and Erin Carlston, the three bring the study and teaching of queer theory to the department. Additionally in that same year, DeGuzmán taught the first Department of English courses in Latina/o literature, photography, and film. Fall 1999 she establishes The UNC Latina/o Cultures Speakers Series and later, in 2004, The UNC Latina/o Studies Program, the first of its kind in the Southeast.
16. 1965 - Karen Lynn Parker (1943- ) Graduates
17. 1796 - The Preparatory School Established
18. 2020, Spring - 2021, Fall - COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts UNC
19. 1918 - Frederick Koch (1877-1944) Founds the Carolina Playmakers
20. 1838, August - John DeBerniere Hooper (1811-1886) Becomes Professor of Latin and French Languages In August the professorship of modern languages, held by John DeBerniere Hooper since 1836, is retitled the professorship of French. The professorship of ancient languages is abolished and separate professorships are created for Greek and Latin. Hooper continues to teach both Latin and French for several years, although his teaching of French is occasionally assigned to other instructors whose tenure was usually short-lived.
21. 1864 - Edwin Wiley Fuller (1847-1876) Enrolls
23. 1927 - Construction of Wilson Library Begins
24. 1795, February 2 - First Student Arrives On February 2 1795, the first student, James Hinton from Wilmington, North Carolina, arrives at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Two weeks later, Hinton is joined by Maurice Moore, Alfred Moore, Richard Eagles, John Taylor, William M. Sneed, Hutchins G. Burton, Francis Burton, and Robert H. Burton, Junior. By the end of the first year, the student body consisted of 41 young white men.
25. 1849 - Albert Micajah Shipp (1819-1887) Becomes Professor of English Literature
26. 1920 - Thomas Wolfe (1900-1938) Graduates
27. 1852, February - The North Carolina University Magazine Published A successor to The University Magazine of 1844, the student-led North Carolina University Magazine is published from February 1852 until May 1861. After the Civil War, it reappears as University Magazine but fails after seven issues. Revived in February 1882, it enjoyed uninterrupted success until June 1895. Revived again in November 1897, it continued publication under various titles and sponsorships until 1948, when it became the Carolina Quarterly.
28. 1856, December - Hildreth Hosea Smith (1820-1908) Becomes Professor of Modern Languages
29. 1887 - Stephen B. Weeks (1865-1918) Receives First Earned Graduate Degrees in English
30. 1914 - Edwin Greenlaw (1874-1931) Becomes Chair of the Department of English
31. 1951 - Harvey Beech (1924-2005), James L. Lassiter (1909-2003), J. Kenneth Lee (1923-2018), Floyd McKissick (1922-1991), and James Robert Walker (1924-1997 )
33. 1947 - Jesse Rehder (1908-1967) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
35. 1931 - Charles Phillips Russell (1884-1974) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
37. 2018 - English and Comparative Literature Major Redesigned To reflect the variety of offerings within the department and provide students with an opportunity to customize their major, the curriculum was redesigned with six new concentrations: British and American literature; comparative and world literatures; creative writing; film studies; science, medicine, and literature; social justice and literature; writing, editing, and digital publishing. The new major also promotes the benefits of double majoring.
38. 1905 - Louis Round Wilson (1876-1979) Receives English Department's Second Ph.D.
39. 2021 - 225th Celebration
40. 1931 - Contempo Published; the Intimate Bookshop Opens
42. 2015 - M.A. in Literature, Medicine, and Culture In 2015, the Department of English & Comparative Literature launches a new Masters program in English & Comparative Literature with a concentration in Literature, Medicine, and Culture alongside the HHIVE Lab, a health humanities research lab founded by Professors Jane Thrailkill and Jordynn Jack. Together, the LMC MA program and HHIVE Lab work closely with the Department of Anthropology and the Department of Social Medicine to offer an interdisciplinary curriculum in health humanities and support student and faculty research that combines humanities and health.
44. 1865, April 16 - May 2 - Chapel Hill Occupied Approximately 450 Union cavalry troops commanded by Gen. Smith Dykins Atkins (1835-1913) occupy Chapel Hill from April 16 to May 2. Classes are suspended and some of the officers are quartered in University dormitories. Atkins posts guards from the Ninth Michigan Regiment at all houses requesting protection, and Union Gen. Francis Blair (1821-1875), a UNC alumnus, sets a Federal guard over the University campus.
45. 1885 - Thomas Hume (1836-1912) Becomes Professor of English Language and Literature
47. 1927 - Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980) Establishes The Bull’s Head Bookstore
48. 1962 - 1973 U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War Prompts Student Protests U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began in 1954, when American advisors and military aid were sent to South Vietnam to support the government in its war against communist North Vietnam. President Kennedy increased the American military presence in 1962, and President Johnson escalated the war in the mid-1960s, sending hundreds of thousands of combat troops to support the South Vietnamese army. A growing anti-war movement and rising death tolls eventually led to a peace agreement between the U.S. and North Vietnam in January 1973. However, hostilities between North and South Vietnam continued until April 30, 1975. More than three million people, including 58,000 Americans, died over the course of the war, more than half of them Vietnamese civilians (Britannica).
49. 1979 - Thadious Davis (1944- ) Joins the Department of English Professors Thadious Davis together with Professor Trudier Harris, who was hired in the same year, become the first Black women on the English faculty. She is currently the Geraldine R. Segal Professor of American Social Thought and Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania. She has published extensively in African American literature and Southern literature focusing on race, region and gender.
50. 1921 - Paul Green (1894-1941) Graduates
51. 1945 - Two Japanese American students come to UNC after internment camps
52. 1795 - The Debating Society Founded
53. 1818 - Addition of Professorship of Rhetoric and Logic
54. 1913 - Edward Kidder Graham (1876-1918) Becomes UNC President
55. 1871, February 1 - The University Closes for Four Years
56. 2003 - Randall Garrett Kenan (1963-2020) Joins the Faculty
57. 1890 - The Hellenian First Published
58. 1975, April - Women’s Studies Program Approved
59. 2004, September 20 - Latina/o Studies Program Founded The Latina/o Studies Program, the first program of its kind in the Southeast, is inaugurated on September 20. Professor María DeGuzmán (1964- ), who joined the faculty in July 1999, is the founding director of the program. The program, housed in the Department of English & Comparative Literature, offers undergraduate and graduate level classes across multiple departments and hosts an undergraduate minor, several speaker series, undergraduate and graduate symposia, instructional support for graduate students, working groups, a film database, and literary and cultural studies events.
60. 1893 - Shinzaburo Mogi
62. 1965 - The Writing Center Begins with English UNC institutes a temporary grade CC (composition condition), which prevents students from graduating until they complete English C, a tutorial, noncredit “review of grammar, vocabulary, spelling, and composition” (Catalogue 1965-1966, 191). Seen as punitive, English C was discontinued in the 1980s, and the one-person Writing Laboratory became the Writing Center to help students with all elements of academic writing.
65. 1877 - The Summer Normal School Opens
66. 1966 - Doris Betts (1932-2012) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
67. 1799 - Faculty Members Resign
68. 1979 - Trudier Harris (1948- ) Joins the Department of English Professor Trudier Harris together with Professor Thadious Davis, who was hired in the same year, become the first Black women on the English faculty. Professor Harris remained with the department, with the exception of a brief stint at Emory University from 1993-1996, until her retirement from UNC in 2009. She held the J. Carlyle Sitterson Distinguished Professorship of English from 1988-1993 and 1996-2009. The author and editor of 24 books and numerous articles, Harris has published widely on African American literature and folklore.
69. 1997 - SITES Launches
70. 2006 - The William Blake Archive Arrives at UNC
71. 1924 - Department of Journalism Established Professor Louis Graves (1883-1965), who taught journalism courses in the Department of English, resigned in 1921 to found the Chapel Hill Weekly. He was succeeded by Professor Gerald Johnson (1890-1980), who became the first head of the Department of Journalism in 1924. The department would become the School of Journalism in 1950 and is currently known as the Hussman School of Journalism and Media.
72. 1948 - The Carolina Quarterly Launches
73. 1955 - LeRoy Frasier (1937-2017), Ralph Frasier (1939?- ), and John Lewis Brandon (1938?-2018)
75. 1998 - Rashmi Varma Joins the Faculty
77. 2008 - The Department of American Studies Formed The Curriculum in Folklore and the Curriculum in American Studies are merged to form the Department of American Studies. Professor Joy Kasson (1944- ) becomes the department’s first chair. The Department offers undergraduate majors and minors in five areas of study—American Studies, American Indian and Indigenous Studies, Folklore Studies, Southern Studies, and Global American Studies—together with graduate degrees.
78. 1897 - The Concept of a Major Introduced
79. 1949 - C. Hugh Holman (1914-1981) Joins the Department of English
80. 1957 - O.B. Hardison, Jr. (1927-1990) Joins the Department of English
81. 1996 - UNC Libraries Launches Documenting the American South
82. 1967 - Louis D. Rubin (1923-2013) Begins Teaching English
83. 1980 - Erika Lindemann (1946- ) Becomes Director of Composition
84. 1999 - Thomas Wolfe Prize and Lecture Established
85. 2008 - Beverly Taylor (1947- ) Becomes Chair of Department of English
87. 1967 - The First Film Course Offered The Department of English offers the first film course in the 1967-1968 academic year. English 42, “Movie Criticism,” cross-listed with RTVMP 42 in the Department of Radio, Television, and Motion Pictures, is taught by Professor Kimball King (1934-2019) and Martha Nell Hardy (1925-2005). Professor Howard Harper (1930-2019) begins teaching the course the following year as part of his regular assignment until his retirement.
88. 1983 - Louis Rubin (1923-2013) Founds Algonquin Books
89. 2011 - The Digital Innovation Lab Launches Established in 2011, the Digital Innovation Lab (DIL) aims to “integrate project-based, digital methodologies into humanities scholarship and to promote public humanities through digital innovation” (“Our History”). The DIL is a function of the Carolina Digital Humanities, a set of partnerships and programs promoting “innovation in digital teaching, research and outreach in the arts and humanities” (“About CDH/DIL”)
91. 1963, June 26 - Speaker Ban Law Passes; Protests Ensue The Act to Regulate Visiting Speakers is adopted on June 26, 1963, and bars speakers on any UNC system campus who are members of the Communist Party, among other alleged activities. Students protested the so-called Speaker Ban Law and challenged it by inviting Frank Wilkinson and Herbert Aptheker to speak on campus in March 1966. Students listened as the speakers stood on the public sidewalk bordering McCorkle Place. A lawsuit, Dickson v. Sitterson, overturned the law in 1968.
92. 1968 - Daphne Athas (1923-2020) Begins Teaching Creative Writing
93. 1973 - Cellar Door Established In 1973, Cellar Door, an undergraduate literary journal at Carolina, begins publication. Published each fall and spring in print and online, the magazine seeks to showcase undergraduate students’ outstanding poetry, prose, and art. Students can apply to join the reading staff, and creative writing faculty members such as Max Steele (1922-2005) and Randall Kenan (1963-2020) have served as judges for work submitted by UNC students. English Professor Michael McFee (1954- ) is currently the student advisor for the journal.
95. 2013 - Jane Austen Summer Program Inaugurated
96. 1901 - Yackety Yack First Published
97. 1929 - Henry Owl (1897-1980) Graduates with an M.A.
98. 1936 - A Handbook to Literature Published by Doubleday
99. 1946 - Katherine Kennedy Carmichael (1912-1982) Becomes Dean of Women
100. 1969 - Blyden Jackson (1910-2000) Joins the Faculty Blyden Jackson, begins teaching in the English department. Professor Jackson was the first tenured Black faculty member at UNC, and developed and taught the first courses in African American literature at UNC. Additionally, he chaired the advisory committee overseeing the curricula that eventually became the Department of Afro and African American Studies. He also served as Associate Dean of the Graduate School from 1973 to 1981, helping to recruit and retain Black graduate students and faculty members.
101. 1990 - Pamela Cooper Joins the Faculty
104. 1930 - Orpah Cummings (1908-1994) Joins the Department as Secretary
105. 1969 - Department of African, African American, and Diaspora Studies Established In response to increased activism on the part of students, the Faculty Council voted to establish a curriculum in African studies in 1969 and a curriculum in African American studies in 1972. The curricula were merged in 1979 and became the Department of Afro and African-American Studies in 1997, renamed the Department of African, African American, and Diaspora Studies in 2013. English Professor Trudier Harris (1948- ) chaired the curriculum from 1990-1992.
106. 1861, May 20 - North Carolina Secedes
107. 1993 - Morgan Writer-in-Residence Program Established The Morgan Writer-in-Residence Program is established with Shelby Foote becoming its first writer-in-residence. In 2013 it became the Distinguished Writer-in-Residence Program, and in 2016, the Frank B. Hanes Writer-in-Residence program. The program brings “significant contemporary writers to campus to meet with students and faculty, to visit classes, and to give readings, talks, and symposia” (“Frank B. Hanes Writer-in-Residence”).
109. 1915 - UNC Enrollment Tops 1000 Students for the First Time
110. 1923 - Majors and Minors Established
112. 1979 - English 131 Established
113. 2006 - The Department of English and Comparative Literature
114. 1893, January 20 - The Philological Club Organized
116. 1924 - Irene Dillard Elliott (1892-1978) Earns a Ph.D. in English
117. 1948 - David Henry Malone (1919-2003) Defends First Comparative Literature Dissertation
118. 1954 - The Honors Program Established
120. 1971 - Graduate Students Form the English Club
122. 1877 - Modern Graduate Degrees Established
123. 1917-1918 - World War I
125. 1943 - Post-War Committee
126. 1966 - Curriculum in American Studies Established
127. 1971 - Leroy Martin (1943-1988) Earns Ph.D. in English
131. 1972 - First Class on Women in Literature
133. 1936 - Department of Dramatic Art
135. 1972 - Patsy Brewington Perry (1933- ) Earns Ph.D. in English
137. 1886, October - The Shakespeare Club Founded
140. 1986 - The Southern Folklife Collection Established The Southern Folklife Collection is created in 1986 by merging the UNC Folklore Archives, established by faculty members in the Curriculum in Folklore in 1968, and the John Edwards Memorial Collection, purchased in 1983. A component of the Manuscripts Department of the UNC-Chapel Hill University Library, the Southern Folklife Collection houses a remarkable collection of archival resources for the study of American folk music and popular culture.
141. 1922 - Enrollments Increase to Over 2000 Students