Appendix A: Technical Description of Klallam Sounds
These are listed in Klallam alphabetical order.
| Klallam Symbol | Articulatory Description | IPA Symbol |
| ʔ | glottal stop | ʔ |
| a | low central vowel | a |
| c | voiceless alveolar affricate | ʦ[1] |
| c̓ | ejective alveolar affricate | ʦ’ |
| č | voiceless palato-alveolar affricate | ʧ |
| č̓ | ejective palato-alveolar affricate | ʧ’ |
| e | mid front lax vowel | ɛ |
| ə | mid central/back unrounded vowel | ə (ɨ ʊ ʌ) |
| h | voiceless glottal fricative | h |
| i | high front tense unrounded vowel | i |
| k | voiceless velar plosive | k |
| kʷ | rounded voiceless velar plosive | kʷ |
| k̓ʷ | rounded ejective velar plosive | k’ʷ |
| l | voiced alveolar lateral liquid | l |
| ɬ | voiceless alveolar lateral fricative | ɬ |
| ƛ̓ | ejective alveolar lateral affricate | tɬ’ |
| m | voiced bilabial nasal stop | m |
| m̓ | laryngealized bilabial nasal stop | m̰ |
| n | voiced alveolar nasal stop | n |
| n̓ | laryngealized alveolar nasal stop | n̰ |
| ŋ | voiced uvular nasal stop | n |
| ŋ̓ | laryngealized uvular nasal stop | n̰ |
| p | voiceless bilabial plosive | p |
| p̓ | ejective bilabial plosive | p’ |
| q | voiceless uvular plosive | q |
| q̓ | ejective uvular plosive | q’ |
| qʷ | rounded voiceless uvular plosive | qʷ |
| q̓ʷ | rounded ejective uvular plosive | q’ʷ |
| s | voiceless alveolar fricative | s |
| š | voiceless palato-alveolar fricative | ʃ |
| t | voiceless alveolar plosive | t |
| t̓ | ejective alveolar plosive | t’ |
| u | high back tense rounded vowel | u (ɔ) |
| w | voiced labiovelar approximant | w |
| w̓ | laryngealized labiovelar approximant | w̰ |
| xʷ | rounded voiceless velar fricative | xʷ |
| x̣ | voiceless uvular fricative | χ |
| x̣ʷ | rounded voiceless uvular fricative | χʷ |
| y | voiced palatal approximant | j |
| y̓ | laryngealized palatal approximant | j ̰ |
[1] Note that [ʦ] is not equivalent to [ts]. Klallam contrasts the affricate with the sequence. The IPA’s acceptance of either the unit symbol or the sequence of symbols as representing the affricate is unfortunate and makes the IPA inadequate for representing the Klallam language. The same is true for the other affricates.