Klallam Grammar

6 Adjectives

Adjectives are quality words that describe what something is like. Some examples are ‘good,’ ‘bad,’ ‘new,’ ‘happy.’

In English adjectives are used in two ways: (1) to modify a noun, as in ‘good dog,’ and (2) in a sentence with ‘is’ describing the subject, as in ‘the dog is good.’

In Klallam also an adjective can be used in two ways: (1) to modify a noun, as in ʔə́y̓ sqáx̣aʔ  ‘good dog,’ and (2) as an intransitive verb describing the subject, as in ʔə́y̓ cə sqáx̣aʔ  ‘the dog is good.’


Here is a list of useful quality words:
ʔə́y̓‘good’
ʔəsx̣áʔəs‘bad’
čə́q‘big’
ƛ̓úƛ̓aʔ‘small’ or ‘few’ 
ŋə́n̓‘many’ or ‘much’
ʔiyám̓‘strong’
x̣ə́w̓əs‘new’
kʷɬčə́q ‘old’ (animate)
ʔəsc̓áx̣ɬ‘old’ (thing)
x̣ʷə́ŋ‘fast’
pə́q̓‘white’
ʔənəq̓íx̣‘black’
 
1  Note that there are two words in Klallam that mean ‘old.’ kʷɬčə́q is typically used of people and animals. ʔəsc̓áx̣ɬ implies ‘old and worn out’ and is used typically for inanimate objects.
ʔiyám̓ cə nəcə́t.‘My father is strong.’
ƛ̓áy̓ ʔuʔ ʔiyám̓ cə nəskʷáʔ.‘Mine is strong, too.’
kʷɬčə́q kʷɬə nəséʔyaʔ.‘My grandmother is old.’
ƛ̓áy ʔuʔ kʷɬčə́q kʷɬə nəskʷáʔ.‘Mine is old, too.’

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