Klallam GrammarMain MenuKlallam GrammarAlphabet and SoundsBasicsGrammarIntroduction: How to Use This Grammar1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Object Pronouns8 The Preposition and Word Order9 Negative Words10 More Negative Words11 Self and Each Other12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions14 Questions: ‘Whose?’15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions16 Comparison17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’18 Questions: ‘When?’19 Time Expressions20 More Time Expressions21 Time Prefixes22 Questions: ‘Where?’24 Source, Way, and Destination25 Serial Verbs26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’27 While Clauses28 Adverbial Expressions29 Intensifier Auxiliaries30 Conditional Clauses31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels32 Lexical Suffixes33 Collective Plural34 Possessed Verbs35 So Then ...36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes37 Indirect Quotes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Speech Act Particles42 The Actual: To Be Continuing43 State, Result, and Duration44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent47 Activity Suffixes48 Relative Clauses49 Verbal Prefixes50 Movement and Development Suffixes51 Nominalizing Prefixes52 Adverbial Prefixes53 More Demonstrative Articles54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success55 More Reduplication Patterns56 Interjections57 Rare Suffixes58 A Fully Annotated Text59 Texts to Annotate60 ConclusionAppendicesKlallam DictionaryKlallam-English and English-Klallam sections onlyMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
23 Some Place Expressions
12018-07-20T18:43:42-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101309044plain7798902021-07-14T14:02:11-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101Place expressions talk about being in, on, near, far, to, from, inside, outside, here, there, atop, below, around, away, and so on. English uses these prepositions to talk about place. Klallam has only one preposition: ʔaʔ (review §8). So how does Klallam talk about place? It uses special location verbs and prefixes. There are many words in Klallam that refer to place, position, and direction. This section introduces some of them. A list of Klallam location verbs can be found in Appendix E. You can find more extensive information about location and direction ideas in Klallam in §24 and §25. We have already seen some of these verbs and prefixes in §22. The prefix čšaʔ‑ means ‘from,’ and the verb ʔəx̣ín means ‘where?’ We will first look at these and similar prefixes before we get to the place verbs.
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12018-07-20T15:42:26-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101GrammarMontler, et al.6plain2018-07-25T12:09:33-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
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12018-07-28T12:28:38-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910123.1. ‘Go to,’ ‘come from,’ ‘be at/in,’ and ‘be from’16plain2021-07-16T08:52:33-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12018-07-28T12:28:57-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910123.2. Home, inside, and outside5plain2021-07-16T08:56:04-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12018-07-28T12:29:15-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910123.3. ‘Go there,’ ‘arrive there,’ ‘arrive here’5plain2022-05-10T11:38:18-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12018-07-28T12:29:32-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910123.4. ‘Be here,’ ‘be there,’ and ‘be where’6plain2022-05-10T11:39:11-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101