SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

21.1. Asking about time: Subordinate event

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Models
1)ĆEN¸TÁṈ?‘When?’
2)ĆEN¸TÁṈ SE¸ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸?‘When will you go?’
3)ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸ LE¸?‘When did you go?’
4)ĆEN¸TÁṈ LE¸ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸?‘When did you go?’
5)ĆEN¸TÁṈ LE¸ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸ LE¸?‘When was it you went?’

‣ 1 In §15.1, the word STÁṈ ‘what’ was introduced. This word has the root TÁṈ with the prefix S‑. TÁṈ never occurs as a word by itself; it must have a prefix. If we put the ĆEN¸‑ ‘time’ prefix on the root, we get ĆEN¸TÁṈ ‘When?’ or literally ‘What time?’
‣ 2 Since it is based on the same root as STÁṈ, the word ĆEN¸TÁṈ is used in a similar way. Just as STÁṈ can mean ‘something’ as well as ‘What?,’ ĆEN¸TÁṈ can mean ‘sometime’ as well as ‘When?’ It would be good to review §15.1 now.
‣ 3 The word ĆEN¸TÁṈ is not usually followed by OĆE as STÁṈ is.
‣ 4 For this first method of asking when some event happened or will happen, the event is the expressed in a Ȼ subordinate clause. These are introduced in §12.6 and covered in detail in §46. You can review §12.6 now. The subject of a Ȼ clause is marked by possessive prefixes and suffixes. Here are some more examples:
          ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸?                  ‘When do you go?’
          ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸ HÁLE?        ‘When do you folks go?’
          ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ NE SYÁ¸?                     ‘When do I go?’
          ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ SYÁ¸ȽTE?                   ‘When do we go?’
          ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ SYÁ¸S?                       ‘When does he/she/it/they go?’
‣ 5 The first model shows that ĆEN¸TÁṈ, can be used without a Ȼ clause. Another useful question is to ask about the day: ĆEN¸TÁṈ ¸E TI¸Á ȺNEȻ? ‘What day is it today?’ This also uses ĆEN¸TÁṈ, without a Ȼ clause. The word ȺNEȻ (also spelled ÁÁNEȻ) means ‘today.’
‣ 6 The tense marker, LE¸ or SE¸, can go after the ĆEN¸TÁṈ ior after the verb in the Ȼ clause. It can even be used in both positions as shown in fifth model, without an apparent change of meaning.
‣ 7 Other than on ĆEN¸TÁṈ, the ‘time’ prefix, ĆEN¸‑, can also be found on the names of some seasons and on some of the names of the months. Here is a list of those words (with the stressed vowel in red to help with correct pronunciation):
          ĆEN¸ŦEḴI¸                 ‘July’ (sockeye salmon time)
          ĆEN¸HENEN¸            ‘August’ (humpback salmon time)
          ĆEN¸ŦÁ¸WEN        ‘September’ (coho salmon time)
          ĆEN¸QOL¸EW̱        ‘early fall’ (dog salmon time)
          ĆEN¸QÁ¸LES              ‘summer’ (warm time)
          ĆEN¸ȾOȽEṈ               ‘winter’ (cold time)
‣ 8 These are the only words in SENĆOŦEN that have this ‘time’ prefix. This ĆEN¸-  ‘time’ prefix is not productive. This means it cannot be used freely on just any word to mean ‘time.’ There are several other time related prefixes in the language at are productive. These are covered in §24.
 
ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸ DOQ?‘When did you go home?’
EWENE NE SXĆIT.‘I don’t know.’
ÁN¸ E SW̱ U¸ ȽĆIȻES?‘Are you very tired?’
HÁE. EN¸ÁN¸ SEN U¸ ȽĆIȻES.‘Yes. I’m too tired.’
 
21.1A. Translate each of the following into English.
1. ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ EN¸ SNEḴEṈ?
2. ĆEN¸TÁṈ SE¸ Ȼ NE SI¸ȽEN?
3. ĆEN¸TÁṈ LE¸  Ȼ SȻONEṈETS TŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸?
4. ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸ HÁLE DOQ?
5. ĆEN¸TÁṈ Ȼ SȽÁU¸S TŦE SḴAXE¸?		21.1B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN using this first method.
1. When did you see it?
2. When will he jump?
3. When do you folks sleep?
4. When will we walk?
5. When did they fly?
21.1C. Make four more SENĆOŦEN questions using this method.

This page has paths:

  1. 21 Questions: ‘When?’ Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 23.4. Never, Ever, Once in a While, and Anymore Montler, et al.
  2. 46 Ȼ Clauses Montler, et al.
  3. 55 Nominalizing Prefixes Montler, et al.
  4. 21.2. Asking about time: Conjoined event Montler, et al.
  5. 23.2. Time of day Montler, et al.
  6. 21.3. Asking about time of day Montler, et al.
  7. 23.3. Sometime, always, long time, long ago, short time, and recently Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 15.1. ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’
  2. 12.6. ‘Not let’ and a subordinate clause
  3. 46 Ȼ Clauses
  4. 24 Time Prefixes