SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

39.1. That’s why: NIȽ ȻECÁ ŚW̱-

43373 41 Collective Plural
Models
1)NIȽ ȻEĆÁ NE ŚW̱YÁ¸.‘That’s why I went.’
2)ȽĆIȻES SEN; NIȽ ȻEĆÁ NE ŚW̱YÁ¸.‘I’m tired; that’s why I went.’ / ‘I went because I’m tired.’

‣ 1 Review the models in §38.1. The first model there is X̱ENIṈ ȻEĆÁ NE ŚW̱YÁ¸? ‘Why did I go?’ Compare this with model 1 in this section and you will see the sentence structure is the same.
‣ 2 The only difference between model 1 in §38.1 and model 1 here in §39.1 is in the first word of the sentence: X̱ENIṈ in the ‘why’ question and NIȽ in the ‘that’s why’ answer.
‣ 3 The grammar of the pattern in §38.1 is the same as the grammar for model 1 here. However, the ‘that’s why’ construction cannot have OĆE, which goes only on questions.
‣ 4 The first word in model 1 is the third person focus pronoun NIȽ ‘it is.’ This is a very common word in SENĆOŦEN. This and the other focus pronouns were introduced in §15.3. The third-person form NIȽ appears in a number of other constructions. See §16.3, §18.2, §20.3, and §20.5.
‣ 5 Model 2 shows how the phrase in model 1 can be used to express the idea of ‘because.’ The explanation (or excuse) comes first, then the ‘that’s why’ clause.
 
SȺ¸SI¸ SEN; NIȽ ȻEĆÁ NE ŚW̱ȻONEṈET.‘I’m scared. That’s why I ran.’
X̱ENIṈ ȻEĆÁ EN¸ ŚW̱SȺ¸SI¸?‘Why are you scared?’
QENNEW̱ SEN ȻSE SṮÁLEḴEM!‘I saw a monster!’
ÁĆENÁ! PEK SW̱ X̱EN¸IṈ¸ ¸E TŦE ṈAḴE¸.‘Goodness! You’re white as snow.’
 
39.1A. Translate into English:
1. NIȽ ȻEĆÁ NE ŚW̱¸ÁȽE.
2. NIȽ ȻEĆÁ ŚW̱ṈO¸ETS TŦE SMÍEŦ.
3. NIȽ ȻEĆÁ EN¸ ŚW̱ȻENÁṈETOL¸W̱
4. NIȽ ȻEĆÁ EN¸ ŚW̱SQȺ Ȼ EN¸ S¸ITET.		39.1B. Translate into SENĆOŦEN using ŚW̱‑:
1. I’m sick; that’s why I slept.
2. That’s why I took it.
3. Is that why you helped me?
4. That’s why I will help you.

This page has paths:

  1. 39 Because Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 51.2. Using SU¸- and NIȽ SU¸- Montler, et al.
  2. 55 Nominalizing Prefixes Montler, et al.
  3. 39.2. It’s because: Ȼ Clause Montler, et al.
  4. 39.1. That’s why: NIȽ ȻECÁ ŚW̱- Montler, et al.
  5. 39.1. That’s why: NIȽ ȻECÁ ŚW̱- Montler, et al.
  6. 40 Cause Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 20.3. Comparative constructions: The Focus Comparative
  2. 15.3. Focus in questions and answers to ‘What?’
  3. 16.3. ‘Which one?’
  4. 38.1. ‘Why’ with ŚW̱-
  5. 39.1. That’s why: NIȽ ȻECÁ ŚW̱-
  6. 18.2. Answers to ‘Whose?’ questions
  7. 20.5. Superlative construction