SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

12.2. ‘Not’ with ‘it/he/she’

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Models
1)YÁ¸.‘It/he/she went.’
2)EWE S YÁ¸.‘It/he/she did not go.’
3)ȻENETES.‘It/he/she took it.’
4)EWE S ȻENETES.‘It/he/she did not take it.’
5)SNEW̱EȽ.‘It’s a canoe.’
6)EWE S SNEW̱EȽ.‘It’s not a canoe.’
7)ÍY¸.‘He/she/it is good.’
8)EWE S ÍY¸.‘He/she/it is not good.’
‣ 1 In SENĆOŦEN, as in many languages around the world, the word for ‘not’ is the same as the word for ‘no.’ This appears in phrases where English would use words like ‘didn’t,’ ‘won’t,’ ‘isn’t,’ and so on.
‣ 2 We say that this ‘not’ negates the statement or idea. For example, in ‘He is going’ and ‘He is not going,’ the ‘not’ negates the idea that he is going. In ‘It is a canoe’ and ‘It is not a canoe,’ the ‘not’ negates the idea that it is a canoe.
‣ 3 In ‘not’ phrases, SENĆOŦEN uses a combination of EWE at the beginning of the sentence and a special little word S that comes before the main verb of the negated statement. We will call this little word the negative S. Usually a sentence beginning with EWE will also have a negative S.
‣ 4 There are some cases in which EWE and the negative S do not go together. These are cases in which the meaning involves the time expression ‘never.’ That construction is covered in §23.4.
‣ 5 The pronouns ‘he,’ ‘she,’ and ‘it’ are known as third-person pronouns. In stories, the third-person pronouns and sentences with third-person subjects occur much more frequently than sentences with ‘I,’ ‘you,’ ‘we,’ or commands. So this section covers the third-person negative forms separately.
‣ 6 The models here illustrate a negated intransitive verb (YÁ¸), transitive verb (ȻENET), noun (SNEW̱EȽ) and adjective (ÍY¸). Notice that they all follow the same pattern.
‣ 7 You can see that the negative S comes between the EWE and the main verb or negated idea.
‣ 8 Note that ‑ES subject suffix (models 3 and 4) of the transitive word (ȻENET) stays with the word in the negative.
‣ 9 When the main negated verb is intransitive, the sentence actually has two meanings. Depending on how it is used, it can be a negative statement or a weak, negative command. So, for example, EWE S YÁ¸ can mean ‘he/she/it does not go’ or it can mean ‘don’t go.’
‣ 10 There are many S’s in SENĆOŦEN. The negative S is easily mistaken for one of the other meaningful S’s. It is sometimes confused with the S- prefix that makes a noun from a verb as in S¸IȽEN ‘food’ from IȽEN ‘eat’. It can also be confused with the ‑S possessive suffix as in TÁNS ‘his/her mother.’ The negative S has an entirely different meaning and function.
 
ȻENETES E TŦE SNEW̱EȽ?‘Did he take the canoe?’
EWE. ȻENETES TŦE TÁLE.‘No. He took the money.’
ÍY¸. EWE S ÍY¸ TŦE SNEW̱EȽ.‘Good. The canoe is no good.’
ṮÁ¸ SEN U¸ ȻENET TŦE TÁLE.‘I took the money, too.’
 
12.2A. Translate each of the following into English.
1. EWE S NEḴEṈ.
2. EWE S IȽEN.
3. EWE S ȽÁU¸.
4. EWE S JISEṈ.
5. EWE S ŚJETES.
6. EWE S TÁLE.
7. EWE S SOȽ.
8. EWE S SḰÁL.
9. EWE S ḰO¸.
10. EWE S SḴAXE¸.		12.2B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN.
1. It’s not black.
2. It’s not new.
3. He isn’t strong.
4. It isn’t a deer.
5. It’s not a house.
6. It isn’t my money.
7. He didn’t lift it.
8. He didn’t get dressed.
9. It didn’t fly.
10. Don’t go.
12.2C. Make up four more negative sentences using other SENĆOŦEN words.

This page has paths:

  1. 12 No and Not Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 23.4. Never, Ever, Once in a While, and Anymore Montler, et al.
  2. 14.1. ‘Not able’ and ‘no good’ Montler, et al.
  3. 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 23.4. Never, Ever, Once in a While, and Anymore