SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

26.3. ‘Be here,’ ‘be there,’ and ‘be where’

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Models
1)LÁ¸E ŦE NE TÁN. ‘My mother is there.’
2)ÁȽE ŦE NE TÁN.‘My mother is here.’
3)LÁ¸E ŦE NE TÁN ¸E ȻSE ŚW̱IMÁLE. ‘My mother is at the store.’
4)NE ŚW̱LÁ¸E LE¸.‘It’s where I was.’
5)ŚW̱LÁ¸ES ŦE NE TÁN.‘It’s where my mother is.’
6)NE ŚW̱¸ÁȽE‘It’s where I am.’
7)ŚW̱¸ÁȽE ȽTE‘It’s where we are.’

‣ 1 Like TES and TÁĆEL, LÁ¸E ‘be there’ and ÁȽE ‘be here’ are very common words. They are two of the many location verbs in SENĆOŦEN.
‣ 2 LÁ¸E and ÁȽE can be used in sentences like those in models 1 and 2 or in sentences with a pronoun subject like LÁ¸E LE¸ SEN ‘I was there’ or ÁȽE ȽTE ‘We’re here.’ 
‣ 3 LÁ¸E and ÁȽE can also be used, as in model 3, to indicate a specific location. Here are two more sentences that show the pattern:
            LÁ¸E    TŦE      EN¸    LECLI  ¸E      TŦE   LETÁM.               ‘Your key is on the table.’
          there   article  your  key    prep  the    table

           ÁȽE  SEN  ¸E      TŦE   SÁSU¸.                                           ‘I’m here at the beach.’
          here  I      prep  the   beach
‣ 4 Models 4, 5, 6, and 7 show LÁ¸E and ÁȽE with the prefix ŚW̱‑. This prefix is used in several grammatical constructions and will be seen in other sections (§38.1, §55). It basically adds a meaning ‘reason for,’ ‘thing for,’ or, in this case ‘place where.’
‣ 5 The ŚW̱‑ prefix makes the word a noun that can take the possessive prefixes and suffixes. Note that the subjects of the model sentences 4 through 7 are marked by the possessive. In model 5, the subject is third person, TŦE NE TÁN, so ŚW̱LÁ¸E takes the ‑S, third person possessive suffix.
‣ 6 The English translations of models 4 through 7 contain the word ‘where.’ Note that this is a completely different ‘where’ from the question word covered in §25.
‣ 7 The words ŚW̱LÁ¸E and ŚW̱¸ÁȽE are used in other situation where English uses ‘where.’ This type of use is in what is called a relative clause. Relative clauses are covered in detail in §47. For now, just study these examples:
           OX̱     SEN  ¸E       TŦE   ŚW̱LÁ¸ES        Ȼ           S¸ITETS.         ‘I went to where they slept.’
          go to  I      prep   art    there where  Ȼ           their sleep

          ÁȽE    LE¸   SEN ¸E       TŦE  ŚW̱¸ÁȽE       ȽTE.                         ‘I was here where we are.’
          here  past  I      prep  art    here where our

          SDȺ¸YES  ȻSE ŚW̱LÁ¸ES       ȻSE  Á¸LEṈS    LE¸.                      ‘Pender is where his house was.’
          Pender   art   there where  art   his house past
‣ 8 Vocabulary (with stressed vowel in red):
               LETÁM ‘table’
               SÁSU¸   ‘beach’
 
EXIN OĆE ȻSE NE SKEM¸EL¸?‘Where is my paddle?’
LÁ¸E ¸E TŦE ŚW̱LÁ¸ES TŦE EN¸ SNEW̱EȽ‘It’s there where your canoe is.’
EWE TÁ S LÁ¸E.‘But it isn’t there.’
NIȽ ŚW̱LÁ¸ES Ȼ NE SQENNEW̱.‘That’s where I saw it.’
 
26.3A. Translate each into English.
1. LÁ¸E E ȻSE EN¸ MAN?
2. EWENE ÁȽE.
3. OX̱ SEN LÁ¸E ¸E TŦE Á¸LEṈ.
4. TÁĆEL ȽTE ÁȽE ¸E Ȼ ŚW̱¸ÁȽE TŦE Á¸LEṈ ȽTE.		26.3B. Translate each into SENĆOŦEN.
1. I will be here tomorrow.
2. Did you see where he ran?
3. I know where your cat is.
4. My cat is not here.

This page has paths:

  1. 26 Location Expressions Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 55 Nominalizing Prefixes Montler, et al.
  2. 37.2. Lexical suffixes in compounds Montler, et al.
  3. 38.1. ‘Why’ with ŚW̱- Montler, et al.
  4. 47 Relative Clauses Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 55 Nominalizing Prefixes
  2. 47 Relative Clauses
  3. 25 Questions: ‘Where?’