SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

39.2. It’s because: Ȼ Clause

43373 40 Cause
Models
1)NIȽ Ȼ NE SȽĆIȻES.‘It’s because I’m tired.’
2)YÁ¸ SEN Ȼ NE SȽĆIȻES.‘I went because I’m tired.’
3)NIȽ Ȼ NE SȽĆIȻES NE ŚW̱YÁ¸.‘I went because I’m tired.’ /
  ‘It’s because I’m tired that I went.’

‣ 1 Again the Ȼ clause is the crucial element of the sentence. This type of subordinate clause is very broadly useful and appears in many SENĆOŦEN grammatical constructions. See §46 for a summary of the Ȼ clause pattern.
‣ 2 The Ȼ clause can often be translated as an English ‘that’ subordinate clause. For example, model 1 could be translated ‘It’s that I’m tired.’
‣ 3 In model 2, the ‘that’ translation does not work as well as it does in model 1. ‘I went that I’m tired’ does not seem to capture the meaning at all. Nevertheless, this is a common way of expressing the ‘because’ idea in SENĆOŦEN.
‣ 4 Model 3 has both the Ȼ clause and the ŚW̱‑ ‘reason for, thing for’ prefix that was seen in §39.1. Here the ‘that’ translation for the Ȼ clause does work. Model 3 could be translated ‘My reason for going is that I’m tired.’
‣ 5 All three of these ways of expressing the idea of ‘because’ are common in fluent SENĆOŦEN narratives and conversation.
   
X̱ENIṈ OĆE EN¸ ŚW̱ȻONEṈET?‘Why did you run?’
NIȽ Ȼ NE SSȺ¸SI¸ LE¸.‘It’s because I was scared.’
X̱ENIṈ ȻEĆÁ EN¸ ŚW̱SȺ¸SI¸?‘Why were you scared?’
NIȽ Ȼ NE SQENNEW̱ ȻSE SṮÁLEḴEM NE ŚW̱SȺ¸SI¸.‘It’s because I saw a monster that I was scared.’
 
39.2A. Translate into English:
1. NIȽ Ȼ NE S¸ÁȽE.
2. NIȽ Ȼ SṈO¸ETS TŦE SMÍEŦ.
3. NIȽ Ȼ EN¸ SȻENÁṈETOL¸W̱
4. NIȽ Ȼ NE SQÁQI¸ NE ŚW̱¸IȽEN.		39.2B. Translate into SENĆOŦEN using Ȼ clauses:
1. I ate because I was hungry.
2. It’s because I’m sleepy
3. It’s because you’re here that I’m happy.
4. I came because I saw you.

This page has paths:

  1. 39 Because Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 46 Ȼ Clauses Montler, et al.
  2. 55 Nominalizing Prefixes Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 46 Ȼ Clauses
  2. 39.1. That’s why: NIȽ ȻECÁ ŚW̱-