4.3. Not visible, particular article: ȻSE
Models
| 1) | YÁ¸ ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘The deer (not now visible) goes.’ |
| 2) | YÁ¸ LE¸ ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘The (not now visible) deer went.’ |
| 3) | YÁ¸ SE¸ ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘The (not now visible) deer will go.’ |
| 4) | YÁ¸ E LE¸ ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘Did the (not now visible) deer go?’ |
| 5) | ȻENET SEN ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘I take the (not now visible) deer.’ |
‣ 1 This article, ȻSE, is also very common and useful. This adds the meaning that the noun that follows cannot now be seen by the speaker or the listener, but it was visible sometime in the past.
‣ 2 Like the TŦE article, a speaker using the ȻSE article is thinking of a particular instance of the noun that follows it. So it is translated sometimes as ‘that’ as well as ‘the.’
‣ 3 The article ȻSE is frequently pronounced ȻE.
 | YÁ¸ E SE¸ SW̱? | ‘Will you go?’ |
 | YÁ¸ SEN. | ‘I’ll go.’ |
| ȻENET E LE¸ SW̱ ȻSE ḰO¸? | ‘Did you take the water?’ |
| EWE. ȻENET LE¸ SEN ȻSE TÁLE. | ‘No. I took the money.’ |
| ȻENET ĆE TŦE ḰO¸. | ‘Take the water!’ |
| ÍY¸. | ‘Okay.’ |
| 4.3A. Translate each of the following into English. 1. W̱ITEṈ ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. 2. NEḴEṈ ȻSE KÁ¸ṈI¸. 3. ITET E SE¸ ȻSE KÁ¸ṈI¸? 4. XĆIT SEN ȻSE SWIU¸LES. 5. SÁ¸ET LE¸ ȽTE ȻSE SNEW̱EȽ. 6. X̱OṈ E ȻSE KÁ¸ṈI¸. 7. JISEṈ ȻSE SWIU¸LES. 8. ȻONEṈET ȻSE SWIU¸LES. 9. ŚTEṈ E LE¸ ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. 10. ȽÁU¸ SE¸ ȻSE SMÍYEŦ. | 4.3B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN using the ȻSE ‘not visible’ article in each noun phrase. 1. The young woman dove. 2. Did the deer run away? 3. The young woman walked. 4. The young man jumped. 5. The dog sleeps. 6. Is the young man going to run? 7. Do you know the young woman? 8. He is going to cut the deer. 9. Will they choose the house? 10. The young woman will go. |
| 4.3C. Write ten new SENĆOŦEN sentences with noun phrases using ȻSE. | |