SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

28.2. ‘How much?’ ‘How many?’

43373 29 Adverbial Expressions
Models
1)QIN OĆE?‘How many are they?’
2)QIN OĆE Ȼ SYÁ¸S?‘How many went?’
3)QIN OĆE Ȼ EN¸ S¸IȽEN?‘How much did you eat?’
4)SX̱EN¸I¸EṈ¸ OĆE TŦE EN¸ SNEW̱EȽ?‘How much is your canoe?’
5)X̱EN¸I¸EṈ¸ OĆE Ȼ SĆEḴS TŦE EN¸ SNEW̱EȽ?‘How big is your canoe?’

‣ 1 The word QIN is the key word here in models 1, 2, and 3. It can be translated ‘how many’ or ‘how much’ or ‘what number.’ Model 3, for example, could also be translated ‘How many did you eat?’ or ‘What number (of items) did you eat?’
‣ 2 Notice that the pattern here is much the same as the pattern for STÁṈ ‘what’ and SÁN ‘who.’ Review §15 on those types of questions.
‣ 3 If QIN does not look familiar, review §21.3 on asking about the time of day. Notice that when QIN is used for asking the time of day, the event being asked about is conjoined to the QIN with I¸. Compare these two sentences with models 2 and 3 here.
          QIN OĆE I¸ YÁ¸?             ‘What time did they go?’
          QIN OĆE I¸ IȽEN SW̱?     ‘What time did you eat?’
The I¸ conjoined clause construction (described in §21.3) makes it a question about time. The Ȼ subordinate clause construction, shown in models 2 and 3 here, makes it a question about quantity.
‣ 4 Just as STÁṈ and SÁN can mean ‘something/anything’ and ‘someone/anyone’ as well as ‘what’ and ‘who’ (review §15), QIN can also mean ‘some number,’ ‘several,’ or ‘any unspecified quantity’ when it is not used in these question constructions. For example:
           QIN                SȻÁĆEL   Ȼ  NE   S¸ÁȽE.     ‘I’ve been here for some/several days.’
          how many    day        Ȼ  my  S-here
In this sentence, QIN acts as an adjective modifying SȻÁĆEL. We know that this is not to be interpreted as a question because the QIN is followed by a noun, and the OĆE particle is absent.
‣ 5 In §22 on numbers it is mentioned that there are special suffixes that can be put on numbers for counting different kinds of things. Since QIN means ‘what number,’ it also takes these counting suffixes. These lexical suffixes are covered in detail in §37.3. Here, we give just two useful forms: QENÁLE ‘how many people’ and QENOȽ ‘how many times.’ Notice that these ‑ÁLE and ‑OȽ suffixes are the same as those used on numbers three through ten, as shown in point 7 and point 10 of §22.
‣ 6 In model 4, we have a completely different construction. It is shown here just because the English translation is ‘how much.’ In fact, this is the same as model 3 in §28.1. Model 4 could also be translated ‘How is your canoe?’ But in the context of someone selling their canoe, the interpretation given in model 3 is the best.
‣ 7 The pattern in model 5 is similar to that in model 4, but this one asks about the degree of some quality. This pattern uses X̱EN¸I¸EṈ¸ ‘how, way’ without the S- ‘stative’ prefix (§43) similar to the pattern in the equative described in §20.1. The quality appears in a Ȼ clause (§46).
   
QENÁLE LE¸ OĆE Ȼ STESS?‘How many got there?’
EWE S ṈEN¸.‘Not many.’
QIN OĆE Ȼ S¸IȽENS?‘How much did they eat?’
U¸ MEQ ȻE.‘All of it.’
 
28.2A. Translate each into English.
1. QENÁȽ OĆE Ȼ EN, SYÁ¸ ṮE PÁSTEN?
2. QIN OĆE Ȼ SNEḴEṈS?
3. QIN OĆE Ȼ EN¸ SȻENNEW̱?
4. SX̱EN¸I¸EṈ¸ OĆE ŦE SWÁTES?		28.2B. Translate each into SENĆOŦEN.
1. How much can I take?
2. How many went home?
3. How many helped?
4. How many times did they run?

This page has paths:

  1. 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 21.3. Asking about time of day Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 20.1. Equative constructions
  2. 43 State, Result, and Duration
  3. 28.1. ‘How?’
  4. 37.3. Lexical suffixes with numbers
  5. 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’