SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich LanguageMain MenuContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPART 1 IntroductionThe organization of this grammarThe Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language FamilyBasics of the SENĆOŦEN wordUseful phrasesPART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and SoundsConsonantsVowels and DiphthongsNotes on Pronunciation1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Basic Word Order8 The Preposition9 Serial Verbs10 Auxiliaries11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’12 No and Not13 Self and Each Other14 More Negative Words15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions18 Questions: ‘Whose?’19 Every, All, Any, and Some20 Comparison21 Questions: ‘When?’22 Numbers23 Time Expressions24 Time Prefixes25 Questions: ‘Where?’26 Location Expressions27 Paths28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’29 Adverbial Expressions30 Conditional Clauses31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to32 Object Pronouns33 Passive34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants37 Lexical Suffixes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Collective Plural42 The Actual Aspect43 State, Result, and Duration44 Activity Suffixes45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle46 Ȼ Clauses47 Relative Clauses48 Speech Act Modifiers49 Possessed Verbs50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ51 So Then ...52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes53 Indirect Quotes54 Verbal Prefixes55 Nominalizing Prefixes56 Adverbial Prefixes57 More Demonstrative Articles58 Objects of Intent and Emotion59 More Reduplication Patterns60 Interjections61 Politeness Expressions62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes63 A Fully Annotated Text64 Texts to AnnotateAppendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN SoundsAppendix B: SENĆOŦEN PronounsAppendix C: Demonstrative ArticlesAppendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin TermsAppendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic TopicsAppendix F: VocabularyBibliographySENĆOŦEN DictionaryBasic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes
PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns
12023-06-21T13:01:54-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491014337317plain2023-08-18T07:25:01-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
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12023-06-21T14:00:39-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491011 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs5plain14108172023-06-25T11:10:29-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T05:42:20-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491012 Past and Future Tense3plain14108202023-07-02T09:31:14-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T05:45:15-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491013 Basic Speech Acts4plain14108262023-08-04T07:48:12-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T05:49:37-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491014 Nouns and Articles6plain14108292023-08-13T11:27:09-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T05:54:24-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491015 Possessive Pronouns3plain14108312023-07-03T07:35:07-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T05:55:17-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491016 Adjectives7plain2023-08-11T07:47:19-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T05:57:03-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491017 Basic Word Order3plain14108382023-07-03T08:12:06-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T05:59:50-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491018 The Preposition3plain14111582023-07-03T10:32:11-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:51:26-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a9417491019 Serial Verbs4plain14111552023-07-13T12:30:36-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:48:59-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910110 Auxiliaries2plain14111522023-07-03T12:25:03-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:47:43-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910111 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’2plain14111492023-07-03T15:27:01-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:46:27-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910112 No and Not2plain14111422023-07-05T14:32:56-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:43:35-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910113 Self and Each Other2plain14111382023-07-05T18:00:14-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:42:13-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910114 More Negative Words2plain14111332023-07-05T18:39:08-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:40:25-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910115 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’3plain14111292023-07-05T18:41:06-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:38:10-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910116 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’5plain14111252023-07-06T09:48:10-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:36:56-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910117 Subordinate Subjects in Questions11plain2024-01-23T13:50:45-08:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-07-11T10:00:42-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910118 Questions: ‘Whose?’1plain14111212023-07-11T10:00:42-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:35:46-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910119 Every, All, Any, and Some2plain14111182023-07-11T12:40:02-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:34:20-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910120 Comparison2plain14111112023-07-11T13:27:05-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:29:43-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910121 Questions: ‘When?’16plain14111072023-08-06T07:53:17-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:28:13-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910122 Numbers13plain14111062023-08-13T08:31:45-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:27:51-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910123 Time Expressions2plain14110982023-07-13T09:44:04-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:25:07-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910124 Time Prefixes3plain2023-08-13T10:40:53-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T07:24:44-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910125 Questions: ‘Where?’2plain14110912023-07-14T13:52:05-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-24T05:15:24-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910126 Location Expressions2plain14110772023-07-14T14:44:09-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T13:39:00-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910127 Paths3plain14110742023-07-15T07:09:25-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T13:37:00-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910128 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’3plain14110712023-07-15T07:27:12-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T13:35:11-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910129 Adverbial Expressions2plain14110682023-07-15T09:36:50-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T13:21:07-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910130 Conditional Clauses10plain14110632023-08-13T15:02:33-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T13:16:31-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910131 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to3plain2023-08-13T15:05:27-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T13:15:43-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910132 Object Pronouns2plain14110592023-07-16T10:04:15-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T13:12:19-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910133 Passive3plain14110412023-07-16T14:33:18-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T08:31:25-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910134 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems3plain2023-08-14T08:20:21-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T08:30:00-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910135 Participant Roles and Middle Voice2plain14110362023-07-16T15:00:54-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T08:23:45-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910136 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants3plain14110322023-08-06T14:05:45-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T08:20:34-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910137 Lexical Suffixes4plain14110282023-08-06T14:07:31-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T08:15:30-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910138 Questions: ‘Why?’4plain14110252023-07-17T14:21:16-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T08:11:59-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910139 Because3plain14110222023-08-06T14:10:09-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T08:08:05-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910140 Cause2plain14110172023-07-17T14:59:34-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-23T07:03:44-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910141 Collective Plural2plain14109442023-07-18T13:37:13-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T13:49:37-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910142 The Actual Aspect2plain14109392023-07-19T09:37:54-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T13:47:34-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910143 State, Result, and Duration4plain2023-08-18T07:23:42-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T13:47:07-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910144 Activity Suffixes3plain14109342023-07-20T07:58:30-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T13:45:07-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910145 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle3plain14109312023-07-20T08:22:41-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T13:43:46-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910146 Ȼ Clauses5plain2023-08-18T14:11:23-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T13:38:40-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910147 Relative Clauses3plain14109042023-07-20T13:12:04-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:39:50-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910148 Speech Act Modifiers4plain14108972023-07-21T07:02:32-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:35:47-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910149 Possessed Verbs4plain2023-08-18T15:52:16-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:35:32-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910150 Summary of Particles with Ȼ3plain2023-08-18T15:53:31-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:35:13-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910151 So Then ...2plain14108922023-07-21T10:13:11-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:33:49-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910152 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes5plain2023-08-18T15:56:33-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:33:34-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910153 Indirect Quotes5plain2023-08-18T15:57:38-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:33:20-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910154 Verbal Prefixes4plain2023-08-18T15:59:08-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:33:05-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910155 Nominalizing Prefixes5plain2023-08-19T07:19:15-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:32:49-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910156 Adverbial Prefixes2plain14108852023-07-22T07:10:27-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:31:40-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910157 More Demonstrative Articles2plain14108822023-07-22T07:45:40-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:30:41-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910158 Objects of Intent and Emotion3plain14108792023-08-15T10:40:29-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T09:29:18-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910159 More Reduplication Patterns2plain14108652023-07-22T09:10:43-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T06:33:12-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910160 Interjections4plain2023-08-19T08:12:32-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T06:32:45-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910161 Politeness Expressions5plain14108592023-07-22T14:01:49-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T06:28:00-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910162 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes3plain2023-08-19T08:21:59-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T06:27:26-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910163 A Fully Annotated Text10plain2023-08-06T18:44:56-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
12023-06-22T06:24:57-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910164 Texts to Annotate3plain2023-07-23T06:19:45-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101