SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language

Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds

These are listed in SENĆOŦEN alphabetical order.
SENĆOŦEN LetterStandard North American Phonemic TranscriptionArticulatory DescriptionIPA Symbol
¸ʔglottal stopʔ
Aemid or low front lax vowelɛ or æ
Áemid front tense vowele
Ⱥeydiphthong: mid front tense vowel with palatal off-glideej
Bejective bilabial plosive
Ckvoiceless velar plosivek
Ćčpalato-alveolar affricateʧ
Ȼrounded voiceless velar plosive
Dejective alveolar plosivet’
Eəmid central/back unrounded vowelə (ɨ ʊ ʌ)
Hhvoiceless glottal fricativeh
Iihigh front tense unrounded voweli
Íay / əydiphthong: low/mid central vowel with palatal off-glideaj / əj
Jč̕ejective palato-alveolar affricateʧ̕
Kejective uvular plosive
q̕ʷrounded ejective uvular plosiveqʷ̕
qvoiceless uvular plosiveq
rounded voiceless uvular plosive
Llvoiced alveolar lateral liquidl
laryngealized alveolar lateral liquid
Ƚɬvoiceless alveolar lateral fricativeɬ
Mmvoiced bilabial nasal stopm
laryngealized bilabial nasal stopm̰
Nnvoiced alveolar nasal stopn
laryngealized alveolar nasal stop
ŋvoiced velar/uvular nasal stopŋ / n
Ṉ¸ŋ̕laryngealized velar/uvular nasal stopŋ̰ /
Oalow central/back (rounded) vowela / ɑ / ɒ
Ppvoiceless bilabial plosivep
Qk̕ʷrounded ejective velar plosivekʷ̕
Ssvoiceless alveolar fricatives
Śšvoiceless palato-alveolar fricativeʃ
Ttvoiceless alveolar plosivet
Ⱦt̕ᶿejective dental affricatetθ̕
Ŧθvoiceless dental fricativeθ / s̪
ƛ̕ejective lateral affricatetɬ’
Uuhigh back rounded tense vowelu
laryngealized labiovelar approximant
Wwvoiced labiovelar approximantw
Xvoiceless uvular fricativeχ
yrounded voiceless uvular fricativeχʷ
Yvoiced palatal approximantj
laryngealized palatal approximantj ̰

1. In the alphabetization of SENĆOŦEN, glottal stop and laryngealization of sonorants are traditionally ignored.
2. Note that [ʧ] (/č/ Ć) is not equivalent to [tʃ] (/tš/ ) in SENĆOŦEN.
3. There are some idiosyncrasies in the SENĆOŦEN writing system that have become conventionally accepted. For example, /ʔə́y̕ / ‘good’ is spelled ÍY¸, /sčéenəxʷ/ ‘salmon’ is often spelled SĆÁNEW̱ or SĆȺNEW̱. Other long vowels are treated similarly.

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