This site requires Javascript to be turned on. Please enable Javascript and reload the page.

SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds

43373 PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns

These are listed in SENĆOŦEN alphabetical order.

SENĆOŦEN Letter	Standard North American Phonemic Transcription	Articulatory Description	IPA Symbol
¸	ʔ	glottal stop	ʔ
A	e	mid or low front lax vowel	ɛ or æ
Á	e	mid front tense vowel	e
Ⱥ	ey	diphthong: mid front tense vowel with palatal off-glide	ej
B	p̕	ejective bilabial plosive	p̕
C	k	voiceless velar plosive	k
Ć	č	palato-alveolar affricate	ʧ
Ȼ	kʷ	rounded voiceless velar plosive	kʷ
D	t̕	ejective alveolar plosive	t’
E	ə	mid central/back unrounded vowel	ə (ɨ ʊ ʌ)
H	h	voiceless glottal fricative	h
I	i	high front tense unrounded vowel	i
Í	ay / əy	diphthong: low/mid central vowel with palatal off-glide	aj / əj
J	č̕	ejective palato-alveolar affricate	ʧ̕
K	q̕	ejective uvular plosive	q̕
₭	q̕ʷ	rounded ejective uvular plosive	qʷ̕
Ḵ	q	voiceless uvular plosive	q
Ḱ	qʷ	rounded voiceless uvular plosive	qʷ
L	l	voiced alveolar lateral liquid	l
L¸	l̕	laryngealized alveolar lateral liquid	l̕
Ƚ	ɬ	voiceless alveolar lateral fricative	ɬ
M	m	voiced bilabial nasal stop	m
M¸	m̕	laryngealized bilabial nasal stop	m̰
N	n	voiced alveolar nasal stop	n
N¸	n̕	laryngealized alveolar nasal stop	n̰
Ṉ	ŋ	voiced velar/uvular nasal stop	ŋ / n
Ṉ¸	ŋ̕	laryngealized velar/uvular nasal stop	ŋ̰ / n̰
O	a	low central/back (rounded) vowel	a / ɑ / ɒ
P	p	voiceless bilabial plosive	p
Q	k̕ʷ	rounded ejective velar plosive	kʷ̕
S	s	voiceless alveolar fricative	s
Ś	š	voiceless palato-alveolar fricative	ʃ
T	t	voiceless alveolar plosive	t
Ⱦ	t̕ᶿ	ejective dental affricate	tθ̕
Ŧ	θ	voiceless dental fricative	θ / s̪
Ṯ	ƛ̕	ejective lateral affricate	tɬ’
U	u	high back rounded tense vowel	u
U¸	w̕	laryngealized labiovelar approximant	w̰
W	w	voiced labiovelar approximant	w
X	x̣	voiceless uvular fricative	χ
X̱	y	rounded voiceless uvular fricative	χʷ
Y	y̕	voiced palatal approximant	j
Y¸	y̕	laryngealized palatal approximant	j ̰

1. In the alphabetization of SENĆOŦEN, glottal stop and laryngealization of sonorants are traditionally ignored.
2. Note that [ʧ] (/č/ ⟨Ć⟩) is not equivalent to [tʃ] (/tš/ ⟨TŚ⟩) in SENĆOŦEN.
3. There are some idiosyncrasies in the SENĆOŦEN writing system that have become conventionally accepted. For example, /ʔə́y̕ / ‘good’ is spelled ÍY¸, /sčéenəxʷ/ ‘salmon’ is often spelled SĆÁNEW̱ or SĆȺNEW̱. Other long vowels are treated similarly.

This page has tags:

PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Montler, et al.
Contents of this tag:
1. Vowels and Diphthongs
2. Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds
The organization of this grammar Montler, et al.
Contents of this tag: