14.3. ‘Prevent,’ ‘say no to,’ ‘turn down’
Models
| 1) | QEYÁT SEN. | ‘I said no to him/her.’ |
| 2) | QEYÁT SEN TŦE SḴÁXE¸. | ‘I told the dog not to.’ |
| 3) | QEYÁT SEN TŦE SḴÁXE¸ Ȼ S¸LÁU¸S. | ‘I prevented the dog from escaping.’ |
| 4) | QEYÁTEṈ SEN. | ‘I was turned down.’ |
| 5) | QEYÁTEṈ SEN Ȼ NE S¸IȽEN. | ‘I was prevented from eating.’ |
‣ 1 Here is another word based on the same root as SQȺ. Remember that SQȺ represents the sequence of phonemes /sk̕ʷey/. It has the S‑ stative prefix (§14.1, §43). When the prefix is removed, and the ‑T transitive suffix is added, the stress and vowel shift to the right to produce QEYÁT /k̕ʷəyét/. Such vowel/stress shifts are common in SENĆOŦEN. Similar shifts can be seen with the reflexive (§13.1) and with the passive (§34).
‣ 2 As you can see in the models, the verb QEYÁT can be translated several ways. Remember that SQȺTW̱ is translated as ‘refuse’ (§14.2). QEYÁT can also be translated as ‘refuse.’ So the first model, QEYÁT SEN can also be translated ‘I refused him/her.’
‣ 3 Note carefully the difference in meaning between SQȺTW̱ SEN ‘I refused it’ and QEYÁT SEN ‘I refused him/her.’ For SQȺTW̱, the direct object is the thing that is refused; for QEYÁT the direct object is a person (or animal) that is being turned down.
‣ 4 Note also the difference in meaning between the fourth model here, QEYÁTEṈ SEN ‘I was turned down’ and the third model in §14.2, SQȺTEṈ SEN ‘I was rejected.’ QEYÁTEṈ SEN implies that I was denied something, while SQȺTEṈ SEN implies that it was me, myself that was not wanted by someone.
‣ 5 The third and fifth models have Ȼ clauses (§12.6, §46) that specify the activity that is being prevented.
‣ 6 As always, the final W̱ is dropped when the passive suffix is added.
 | QEYÁT E SW̱ TŦE SḴÁXE¸ Ȼ S¸LÁU¸S. | ‘Did you prevent the dog from escaping?’ |
 | HÁE. KEBOST SEN. | ‘Yes. I tied it up.’ |
| ÍY¸. HÍ SW̱ KE. | ‘Good. Thank you. |
| QEYÁTEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE SḴÁXE¸ Ȼ NE SYÁ¸. | ‘The dog kept me from leaving.’ |
14.3A. Which of these sentences is ungrammatical? If it is ungrammatical, explain why it is. If it is grammatical, translate the sentence. If you see a word you do not know, look it up in the SENĆOŦEN dictionary.
1. QEYÁT E SE¸ SW̱?
2. QEYÁT SEN Ȼ SQENETS.
3. QEYÁT SEN ȻSE EN¸ SḴÁXE¸.
4. EWE SEN S QEYÁT TŦE EN¸ SḴÁXE¸.
5. EWE SEN QEYÁT TŦE EN¸ SḴÁXE¸.
6. QEYÁTEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
7. QEYÁTEṈ E SW̱ TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸?
8. QEYÁTEṈ E SW̱ NE SḴÁXE¸?
9. EWE S QEYÁTEṈ TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸ ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
10. EWE SEN QEYÁTEṈ TŦE SḴÁXE¸.
14.3B. Make up four more sentences using QEYÁT.