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SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

Useful phrases

43373 PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds
It is helpful to know a few phrases in the language even without understanding the grammar. The following list is a set of 24 useful questions and other sentences that should be learned right away so that they can be used by both the teacher and students in the classroom. Note that in these phrases and throughout the book, only English personal names are used. SENĆOŦEN personal names are considered private property of families, so they are not used in this book. The grammatical patterns of all of these sentences are covered in various chapters of Part 3.
 
ÍY¸ SȻÁĆEL!                   ‘Good day!’ÁȽE E SW̱ U¸ ÍY¸ OL¸?   ‘How are you?’
ÍY¸.                                 ‘Good.’ÁN¸ U¸ ÍY¸.                     ‘Very good.’
ÁN¸ SEN U¸ ÍY¸.            ‘I’m very well.’EWE SEN S ÍY¸.             ‘I’m not well.’
HÁ¸E.                            ‘Yes.’EWE.                              ‘No.’
EWENE.                       ‘Nothing.’EWENE NE SXĆIT.        ‘I don’t know.’
STÁṈ OĆE TŦÁ¸E?      ‘What is that?’STÁṈ OĆE TI¸Á?           ‘What is this?’
NIȽ ȻE¸ PUC                ‘It is a book.’NEȻE OĆE SÁN?          ‘Who are you?’
SÁN Ȼ EN¸ SNÁ?         ‘What is your name?’ESE ȻE¸ Elsie.               ‘I’m Elsie.’
NIȽ OĆE SÁN?            ‘Who is he/she?’NIȽ ȻE¸ Elsie.               ‘It’s Elsie.’
INET SW̱ OĆE?           ‘What did you say?’STOṈET SW̱ OĆE?      ‘What are you doing?’
EXIN OĆE?                 ‘Where is it?’ÁȽE.                              ‘It’s here.’
SI¸ÁM¸                        ‘Respected one’HÍ SW̱ KE.                    ‘Thank you.’

 

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  1. PART 1 Introduction Montler, et al.