Klallam Grammar Main Menu Klallam Grammar Alphabet and Sounds Basics Grammar Introduction: How to Use This Grammar 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Object Pronouns 8 The Preposition and Word Order 9 Negative Words 10 More Negative Words 11 Self and Each Other 12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’ 13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 14 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions 16 Comparison 17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’ 18 Questions: ‘When?’ 19 Time Expressions 20 More Time Expressions 21 Time Prefixes 22 Questions: ‘Where?’ 23 Some Place Expressions 24 Source, Way, and Destination 25 Serial Verbs 26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 27 While Clauses 28 Adverbial Expressions 29 Intensifier Auxiliaries 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels 32 Lexical Suffixes 33 Collective Plural 34 Possessed Verbs 35 So Then ... 36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 37 Indirect Quotes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Speech Act Particles 42 The Actual: To Be Continuing 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects 46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent 47 Activity Suffixes 48 Relative Clauses 49 Verbal Prefixes 50 Movement and Development Suffixes 51 Nominalizing Prefixes 52 Adverbial Prefixes 53 More Demonstrative Articles 54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success 55 More Reduplication Patterns 56 Interjections 57 Rare Suffixes 58 A Fully Annotated Text 59 Texts to Annotate 60 Conclusion Appendices Klallam Dictionary Klallam-English and English-Klallam sections only

Quizzes for Learning the Alphabet

30904 Klallam Vowels
The teacher should say each Klallam word clearly twice, giving the students time to write the word and its meaning. The teacher should then repeat any words the students ask to have repeated. Words may be repeated as many times as the students ask.

The English meaning of the word is shown, but the teacher should not give the English when giving the quiz. The purpose of these quizzes is to train the ear in hearing the sounds of Klallam; giving the English meaning defeats this purpose. Only after the quiz is finished and it’s time to check the answers should the English meaning be told.

These lists start easy and get progressively more tough. Make sure each one is mastered before moving on to the next.
nə́c̓uʔ  ‘one’čə́saʔ  ‘two’ɬíxʷ  ‘three’
1. cán           ‘who’1. pə́q̓           ‘white’1. ɬíxʷ          ‘three’
2. súɬ            ‘road, door’2. qʷúʔ         ‘water’2. štə́ŋ          ‘walk’
3. tán            ‘mother’3. sáqɬ          ‘outside’3. šúpt          ‘whistle’
4. wáʔ           ‘go with’4. smə́c         ‘grease’4. cúcən        ‘mouth’
5  ŋús           ‘four’5. stáŋ          ‘what’5. c̓sə́t           ‘punch it’
6. čə́q           ‘big’6. ʔáwə         ‘no’6. hiyáʔ         ‘go’
7. cáys          ‘hand’7. ʔítt           ‘sleep’7. húʔpt         ‘deer’
8. cáčc          ‘uncle, aunt’8. x̣ə́n̓           ‘all’8. k̓ʷín          ‘how much’
9. hiyí           ‘alive’9. x̣ʷúŋ         ‘cry’9. nə́čəŋ        ‘laugh’
10. nə́kʷ        ‘you’10. x̣čít         ‘know it’10. píšpš       ‘cat’
   
ŋús  ‘four’ɬq̓áčš  ‘five’t̓x̣ə́ŋ  ‘six’
1. sŋánt         ‘rock’1. ʔíɬən         ‘eat’1. šč̓ə́t           ‘hit it’
2. sə́miʔ        ‘blanket’2. ʔúpən        ‘ten’2. c̓ə́q̓ʷ          ‘dirt’
3. síq̓i           ‘heavy’   3. ƛ̓áqt          ‘long’3. kʷínti        ‘fight’
4. síyaʔ         ‘grandfather’4. ƛ̓áy̓           ‘again, too’4. k̓ʷə́nt        ‘look at’
5. sƛ̓éʔ          ‘like’5. x̣íč̓t           ‘scratch it’5. ləmətú       ‘sheep’
6. sɬíqʷ         ‘meat’6. x̣páy̓          ‘cedar’6. músmus     ‘cow’
7. táŋən         ‘evening’7. čə́nəs         ‘tooth’7. múʔuqʷ     ‘duck’
8. t̓x̣ə́ŋ           ‘six’8. čə́saʔ         ‘two’8. muhúy̓       ‘basket’
9. ʔáʔčx̣         ‘crab’9. č̓áŋ̓           ‘get home’9. nə́c̓uʔ        ‘one’
10. ʔə́mət      ‘sit’10. ɬíc̓t          ‘cut it’10. ʔənəcə́qʷ ‘red’
 
c̓úʔkʷs  ‘seven’táʔcs  ‘eight’tə́kʷxʷ  ‘nine’
1. nə́c̓uʔ        ‘one’1. ʔəsmáq̓ɬ     ‘full’1. ʔəsnát        ‘night’
2. ʔənəq̓íx̣      ‘black’2. snə́xʷɬ       ‘canoe’2. ɬíp̓ct          ‘flip’
3. ʔənəƛ̓ə́ɬ      ‘green’3. sqáx̣aʔ       ‘dog’3. ɬq̓áčš         ‘five’
4. p̓ə́wiʔ        ‘flounder’4. sác̓əŋ         ‘breathe’4. kʷítšən      ‘king salmon’
5. q̓ʷə́yəŋ      ‘cook’5. séʔyaʔ       ‘grandma’5. k̓ʷə́w̓i        ‘skin, hide’
6. qqíŋ          ‘playing’6. saplín        ‘bread’6. nəŋə́naʔ     ‘my child’
7. q̓ʷúčt        ‘beat it’7. sɬáx̣ʷɬ        ‘straight’7. p̓áʔət         ‘try it’
8. siʔám̓        ‘important’8. tíxʷɬc        ‘tongue’8. qʷáqʷiʔ     ‘talking’
9. skʷáči       ‘day, sky’9. t̓úk̓ʷ          ‘go home’9. q̓áʔŋi         ‘girl’
10. sləhál      ‘bone game’10. ʔáʔyəŋ     ‘house’10. q̓ʷə́yən     ‘ear’
       
ʔúpən  ‘ten’ʔúpən ʔiʔ či nə́c̓uʔ ‘eleven’ʔúpən ʔiʔ či čə́saʔ ‘twelve’
1. sc̓úʔc̓ɬaʔ     ‘leaf’1. x̣áyk̓ʷs       ‘raccoon’1. sx̣čnə́xʷ     ‘knowledge’
2. ʔəsnə́w̓ɬ     ‘be inside’2. sx̣cáʔəy̓      ‘grass, hay’2. xʷanítəm   ‘white person’
3. st̓áčəŋ        ‘tide’3. čúxʷəŋ̓      ‘sour’3. sxʷc̓q̓ʷús    ‘dirty face’
4. swéʔwəs    ‘boy4. ɬə́č̓šən        ‘steelhead’4. ʔéʔɬx̣ʷaʔ    ‘Elwha’
5. sáy̓siʔ        ‘afraid’5. ʔəsyác̓ɬ      ‘full’5. ʔənəq̓íx̣      ‘black’
6. sčə́səqʷ    ‘hat’6. q̓ʷəyíyəš    ‘dance’6. ɬiʔx̣ʷə́yu    ‘freeze’
7. sč̓ə́yi         ‘stick’7. sqʷə́m̓x̣ʷ    ‘thin’7. c̓éʔc̓əm̓      ‘bird’
8. sɬə́y̓x̣ʷ      ‘ice’8. sq̓ʷə́ŋəs     ‘forehead’8. k̓ʷát̓ən      ‘rat’
9. yə́nəwəs     ‘heart’9. sƛ̓ə́mk̓ʷ     ‘salmon eggs’9. mím̓xʷtən ‘sleeping mt’
10. ƛ̓úƛ̓aʔ      ‘small’        10. sx̣ʷáx̣ʷc̓  ‘snake’10. sqəyáyŋxʷ  ‘tree’
       
ʔúpən ʔiʔ či ɬíxʷ  ‘thirteen’  
1. ɬq̓čšɬšáʔ               ‘fifty’6. ŋaʔk̓ʷaʔcút           ‘wait’ 
2. ʔəsƛ̓úʔƛ̓əm̓          ‘correct’7. nəxʷsƛ̓ay̓əm̓úcən   ‘Klallam language’ 
3. k̓ʷə́yŋsən             ‘eagle’8. sƛ̓iƛ̓áʔƛ̓qɬ            ‘child’ 
4. t̓aʔt̓ə́wəsnaʔ          ‘star’9. nəŋə́nŋənaʔ          ‘my children’ 
5. ƛ̓aʔƛ̓éʔq̓iʔ            ‘near’10. ʔəsx̣ʷan̓íŋ           ‘how’ 

This page has tags:

  1. Alphabet and Sounds Montler, et al.
  2. Klallam Consonants Montler, et al.
  3. Notes on Pronunciation Montler, et al.
  4. Klallam Vowels Montler, et al.