SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

26.1. ‘Go to,’ ‘come from’

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Models
1)ṮE TOWEN SEN.‘I went to town.’
2)YÁ¸ SEN ṮE TOWEN.‘I went to town.’
3)YÁ¸ SEN ¸E TŦE TOWEN.‘I went to the town.’
4)OX̱ SEN ¸E ȻSE ŚW̱IMÁLE.‘I went to the store.’
5)YÁ¸ SEN OX̱ ¸E ȻSE ŚW̱IMÁLE.‘I went to the store.’
6)ĆLÁ¸E SEN ¸E ȻSE ŚW̱IMÁLE.‘I came from the store.’
7)EN¸Á SEN ĆLÁ¸E ¸E ȻSE ŚW̱IMÁLE.‘I came from the store.’

‣ 1 Models 1 and 2 show the prefix ṮE, which is usually written with a space after it as if it were a separate word. This prefix means ‘go to.’ The prefix ṮE can be put on any place name to create a verb that means ‘go to’ that place. So ṮE METULIYE is a verb meaning ‘go to Victoria.’
‣ 2 It is possible to put the causative suffix, ‑TW̱, on ṮE METULIYE to create the verb ṮE METULIYETW̱ ‘take to town (cause to go to town),’ as in ṮE METULIYETW̱ SEN ‘I took him/her to town.’ This shows that the ṮE is a prefix, and not a separate word. The causative modifies not to the word meaning ‘Victoria,’ but the prefixed word meaning ‘go to Victoria.’
‣ 3 The ṮE prefix attaches only to a particular place. In models 1 and 2 the speaker is referring to a particular town. In W̱SÁNEĆ territory, this refers to Victoria.
‣ 4 The ṮE prefix is often pronounced just Ṯ, without the E. Model 1, for example, could also be Ṯ TOWEN SEN.
‣ 5 In model 3, we are not using TOWEN as a proper name. In this sentence TOWEN could refer to any town, so the ‘go to’ prefix is not used here.
‣ 6 Because verbs with the ṮE prefix refer to particular places, they are typically used with proper noun place names. ṮE can also be used on a person’s name giving the meaning ‘go to’ that person’s house. So, for example, ṮE Terry LE¸ SEN means ‘I went to Terry’s house.’
‣ 7 Two words that are translated ‘go/went’ in SENĆOŦEN are YÁ¸ and OX̱. These are illustrated in models 2, 3, 4, and 5. Remember from §9.1 that these two very common verbs have slightly different meanings: YÁ¸ ‘go away’ and OX̱ ‘go to.’ It is important to note that OX̱ is almost always followed by a prepositional phrase as shown in models 4 and 5. That prepositional phrase will always specify the destination.
‣ 8 Models 6 and 7 illustrate the use of the word ĆLÁ¸E. This can mean ether ‘come from,’ as shown in the models, or ‘go from.’ Model 6, for example, could also be translated ‘I went from the store.’
‣ 9 Note that ĆLÁ¸E is an intransitive verb. Compare models 4 and 6. OX̱ contains the meaning ‘to’ in model 4 while ĆLÁ¸E contains the meaning ‘from’ in model 6. In the English, this meaning difference is contained in the prepositions, but in SENĆOŦEN, the meaning difference is contained in the verbs—the preposition is the same in models 4 and 6.
 
YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ TÁȻEL ṮE W̱LEMI.‘I’m going across to Lummi.’
W̱₭E¸ȻILES SEN SE¸.‘I’ll go along with you.’
ÍY¸. ṮE W̱LEMI ȽTE SE¸ ¸E TŦE ȻEĆIL¸.‘Good. We’ll go to Lummi in the morning.’
QIN¸ OĆE I¸ YÁ¸ SE¸ ȽTE?‘What time will we leave?’
 
26.1A. Translate each into English.
1. Ṯ SȾÁ¸EU¸TW̱ E SW̱?
2. ĆLÁ¸E SEN ¸E ȻSE TOWEN.          
3. YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ ṮE W̱LEMI.
4. YÁ¸ SEN OX̱ ¸E ȻSE NE TÁN.		26.2B. Translate each into SENĆOŦEN.
1. My mother went to Victoria.
2. I came from town.
3. We came from Lummi yesterday.
4. Did you come from the store?

This page has paths:

  1. 26 Location Expressions Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 54 Verbal Prefixes Montler, et al.
  2. 40.2. Inanimate causative: -TW̱ Montler, et al.
  3. 51.1. A smoothly flowing story Montler, et al.
  4. 26.4. Home, inside, and outside Montler, et al.
  5. 27.1. Source and destination Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 9.1. Intransitive motion verbs in series