SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

14.2. ‘Refuse it’ or ‘not accept it’

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Models
1)SQȺTW̱ SEN.‘I refused it.’
2)SQȺTW̱ SEN TŦE SNEW̱EȽ.‘I refused the canoe.’
3)SQȺTEṈ SEN.‘I was rejected.’
4)SQȺTEṈ TŦE SNEW̱EȽ ¸E TŦE NE MÁN.‘My father refused the canoe.’

‣ 1 SQȺTW̱ is built on the word SQȺ, ‘unable’ which is covered in §14.1. This word has the causative ‑TW̱ suffix, just like EWETW̱, which was covered in §12.6. The causative is discussed in more detail in §40.
‣ 2 The translation ‘refuse’ in each of these could be replaced by some version of ‘not want,’ ‘disapprove,’ ‘deny,’ or ‘not accept.’
‣ 3 While SQȺ is intransitive, adding the causative ‑TW̱ suffix makes SQȺTW̱ a transitive verb. Look at the second model and you will see that TŦE SNEW̱EȽ is the direct object.
‣ 4 Models 3 and 4 show how SQȺTW̱ is ‘passivized’—turned into a passive verb by adding the ‑EṈ suffix.
‣ 5 As always, the final W̱ is dropped when the passive suffix is added.
‣ 6 The translation for the third model could also be ‘I was refused’ or ‘They didn’t want me’ meaning I was the thing that was unwanted.
‣ 7 In the translation of the fourth model, ‘my father’ is the subject of the English. Passive sentences in SENĆOŦEN often are translated into English as active sentences. In SENĆOŦEN, the subject is TŦE SNEW̱EȽ ‘the canoe.’ The last model could also, and more accurately, be translated ‘The canoe was refused by my father.’
 
SQȺTW̱ E SW̱ TŦE PUS?‘Did you not accept the cat?’
EWE. ȻENET TŦE PUS.‘No. I took the cat.’
ÍY¸ E TŦE PUS?‘Is the cat nice?’
SQȺTEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE PUS. ȽÁU¸.‘The cat refused me. It ran away.’

14.2A. Which of these sentences is ungrammatical? If it is ungrammatical, explain why it is. If it is grammatical, translate the sentence. If you see a word you do not know, look it up in the SENĆOŦEN dictionary.
1. SQȺTW̱ E LE¸ SW̱?
2. SQȺTW̱ TŦE NE SQENET.
3. SQȺTW̱ SEN ȻSE EN¸ SḴÁXE¸.
4. EWE SEN SQȺTW̱ TŦE EN¸ SḴÁXE¸.
5. EWE SEN S SQȺTW̱ TŦE EN¸ SḴÁXE¸.
6. SQȺTEṈ NE SḴÁXE¸ ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
7. SQȺTEṈ E SW̱ TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸?
8. SQȺTEṈ E SW̱ NE SḴÁXE¸?
9. EWE S SQȺTEṈ TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸ ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
10. EWE SEN SQȺTEṈ TŦE SḴÁXE¸.
14.2B. Make up four more sentences using SQȺTW̱.
 

This page has paths:

  1. 14 More Negative Words Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 16.2. ‘Do what with?’ Montler, et al.
  2. 14.3. ‘Prevent,’ ‘say no to,’ ‘turn down’ Montler, et al.
  3. 40.2. Inanimate causative: -TW̱ Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 12.6. ‘Not let’ and a subordinate clause
  2. 14.1. ‘Not able’ and ‘no good’