SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

16.2. ‘Do what with?’

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Models
 
1)S¸ISTW̱ SW̱?‘What did you do with/to it?’
2)S¸ISTW̱ SW̱ TŦE TÁLE?‘What did you do with/to the money?’
3)S¸ISTEṈ TŦE TÁLE?‘What was done with the money?’
 
4)EN¸ STÁṈEN OĆE?‘What did you do with it?’
5)EN¸ STÁṈEN OĆE ¸E TŦE TÁLE? ‘What did you do with the money?’ /
  ‘What did you use the money for?’

‣ 1 As you can see in the models, there are two words in SENĆOŦEN that translate something like ‘do what with’ in English: S¸ISTW̱ and STÁṈEN. Although they can be translated the same, these two words differ both in grammar and in meaning in SENĆOŦEN.
‣ 2 S¸ISTW̱ is a transitive verb. Like EWETW̱ (§12.6) and SQȺTW̱ (§14.2), it has the ‑TW̱ causative suffix (§40). The second model shows that it is transitive because it has both a subject, SW̱, and a direct noun phrase object (§8.1), TŦE TÁLE.
‣ 3 These S¸ISTW̱ sentences mean either ‘do what with?’ or ‘do what to?’ For example, the first model sentence could be translated as either ‘What did you do to it?’ or ‘What did you do with it?’
‣ 4 The direct object of S¸ISTW̱ is always the thing that something has happened to—the thing that has undergone something. In the second model, for example, something has happened to TŦE TÁLE ‘the money,’ and the speaker is asking what happened to it.
‣ 5 In contrast, STÁṈEN is intransitive. It cannot take a direct object. The thing that you are asking about must be mentioned as the object of the preposition ¸E, as in ¸E TŦE TÁLE of model 5.
‣ 6 STÁṈEN is what in §49 is called a ‘possessed verb.’ The subject of this type of verb is marked by the possessive prefix or suffix (§5.1). In the two models here, what translates as the subject ‘you’ in English is marked by the ‘your’ prefix EN¸ in SENĆOŦEN.
‣ 7 Unlike S¸ISTW̱ SW̱ ‘What did you with/to it?’, EN¸ STÁṈEN OĆE cannot be translated as ‘What did you do to it?’ Remember the problem of English ‘with’ that was discussed in §11.1. We have that same problem here. English ‘What did you do with the money?’ can be answered:
          ‘I put it away’
          ‘I kept it’
          ‘I used it to buy shoes’
          ‘I used it to patch my shoes.’
EN¸ STÁṈEN OĆE ¸E TŦE TÁLE? can be answered with one of the last two translations but not with either of the first two. EN¸ STÁṈEN OĆE ¸E TŦE TÁLE? could also be translated ‘What did you use the money for?’
‣ 8 STÁṈEN refers to something being used for a purpose—as a tool or instrument. This word is actually STÁṈ ‘what’ (§15.1) with the ‑EN ‘instrument’ suffix (§37.2).
‣ 9 Remember that tense is optional. Since none of these models is marked specifically for past or future tense, they could all be translated with the past as well as the future. For example, the first model sentence could be translated ‘What will you do with it?’ As usual, it is possible to mention past or future tense specifically, so, for example, EN¸ STÁṈEN SE¸ OĆE? means ‘what will you do with it?’ and S¸ISTW̱ LE¸ SW̱? means ‘What did you do with it?’
 
S¸ISTW̱ SE¸ SW̱ TŦE EN¸ SḴÁXE¸?‘What will you do with your dog?’
SXȽÁU¸TW̱TW̱ SEN.‘I’ll take him to the hospital.’
EN¸ STÁṈEN OĆE ¸E TŦE COO?‘What will you do with the car?’
ĆOȻES SEN SE¸ Ȼ NE SYÁ¸.‘I’ll use it to go.’
 
16.2A. Translate each of the following into English.
1. S¸ISTW̱ LE¸ SW̱ ȻSE NE SNEW̱EȽ?
2. EN¸ STÁṈEN SE¸ OĆE ¸E ȻSE NE SNEW̱EȽ?
3. S¸ISTW̱ SEN SE¸?
4. NE STÁṈEN LE¸ OĆE?
5. S¸ISTW̱ LE¸ ȽTE ŦTE TÁLE ȽTE?		16.2B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN.
1. What did you do to your dog?
2. What will I do with you folks?
3. What will you do with your dog?
4. What did you do to it?
5. What did you use your dog for?
16.2C. Make up four more sentences using S¸ISTW̱ and four using STÁṈEN.

This page has paths:

  1. 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 40.2. Inanimate causative: -TW̱ Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 5.1. Possessive prefixes and suffixes
  2. 15.1. ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’
  3. 12.6. ‘Not let’ and a subordinate clause
  4. 11.1. ‘And’ and ‘with’
  5. 37.2. Lexical suffixes in compounds
  6. 49 Possessed Verbs
  7. 14.2. ‘Refuse it’ or ‘not accept it’
  8. 40 Cause