SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

45.1. Reflexive and inchoative -SET/-SOT

43373 46 Ȼ Clauses
Models
1)W̱ELEQSET ‘wrap oneself’
2)ĆȺSET ‘make for oneself’
3)XEĆSOT‘figure oneself out’
4)QEN¸OȽSET ‘watch out for oneself’
5)ḰEL¸NEU¸EL¸SET ‘talk to oneself’
6)MÁ¸ȻEȽSET ‘hurt oneself; get hurt’
7)ĆEḴSOT‘get big’
8)QÁSSET‘become hot’
9)X̱IL¸EM¸SET‘become a rope’
10)TSESET‘get near; approach’
11)ONEȽSET‘come to an agreement’
12)KÁWESET‘get punished; pay oneself’
13)KÁWESETTEṈ‘be punished by someone’

‣ 1 Before beginning this section, review §13.1 the idea of ‘reflexive’ and §35.1 on the reflexive use of the middle.
‣ 2 The word ‘reflexive’ is related to the word ‘reflect,’ as a mirror reflects oneself. Any grammatical item that refers to the ‘self’ is reflexive. The models 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 here show the reflexive use of the ‑SET/‑SOT suffix that you saw in §13.1. The models 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 have the ‑SET/‑SOT suffix, but the meaning does not involve ‘self.’ Model 6 has both interpretations.
‣ 3 The term for the second meaning of model 6 and the primary meaning of models 7 through 12 is ‘inchoative.’ Each refers to a change of state—‘becoming.’
‣ 4 The translation for the inchoative interpretation is usually ‘become’ or ‘get.’ Some words, however, have the ‘change of state’ meaning without being translated with ‘become’ or ‘get.’ Model 10, for example, can be translated as ‘approach’ without the ‘get.’ Model 11 is usually translated as just ‘agree’ or ‘obey.’ ONEȽSET LE¸ ȽTE could be translated ‘We came to an agreement’ or ‘We agreed’ or ‘We obeyed.’ Nevertheless, you can see that the ‘change of state’ idea is still in the sentence.
‣ 5 The change of state meaning of ‑SET/‑SOT typically refers to an internal change. That is, the change happens on its own and is not deliberately caused by an external force. So a word like ĆEḴSOT ‘get big’ means something gets big by itself, as, for example, a child growing up. There is a prefix TW̱E‑ that also means ‘become’ but is not limited to internal change (§54).
‣ 6 The translation of ‑SET/‑SOT as reflexive ‘self’ or inchoative ‘become’ depends on stem that it is attached to. If it is attached to a verb stem, generally the interpretation is ‘self.’ If it is attached to an adjective as in models 7 and 8 or a noun as in model 9, the translation will invariably be ‘become.’ Some such as models 6 and 12 can be translated either way.
‣ 7 Models 10 and 11 are based on verbs TES ‘arrive there’ and ONEȽ ‘obey, agree.’ These have the ‘become’ translation; a ‘self’ translation for these just would not make sense.
‣ 8 Model 13 is based on model 12. KÁWESETTEṈ shows that the ‑SET/‑SOT suffix can be followed by other suffixes. Here we have ‑T‑EṈ, the transitive ‑T and the passive ‑EṈ.
‣ 9 The ‑SET form of the suffix is much more common. The ‑SOT form occurs only on zero stems (§34).
 
I¸SOT TŦE NE SḴAXE¸. ‘My dog got better.’
STOṈET LE¸ OĆE?‘What was the matter?’
W̱ELEQSET ¸E ȻSE X̱IL¸LEM‘He wrapped himself in rope
I¸ CELÁL I¸ ₭Í.and almost died.’
ÁĆENÁ!‘My goodness!’
 
45.1A. Look up these words and make an original sentence with each.
1. ȽÁĆSET 2. I¸AḴSET  3. ÁLEW̱SET 4. ŚÁMESET 5. SI¸ÁM¸SET 6. XEĆSOT

45.1B. Explain how each of those words show the ideas ‘reflexive,’  ‘inchoative,’ or both.		 

This page has paths:

  1. 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 54 Verbal Prefixes Montler, et al.
  2. 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle Montler, et al.
  3. 13.1. Reflexive Montler, et al.
  4. 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 35.1. Agents and patients
  2. 54 Verbal Prefixes
  3. 13.1. Reflexive
  4. 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems