SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

30.1. Subordinate conditional

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Models
1)W̱ITEṈ SW̱ ȻE ŚOPTEN.‘You jump if I whistle.’
2)W̱ITEṈ SW̱ ȻE ŚOPTEȽTE.‘You jump if we whistle.’
3)W̱ITEṈ SEN ȻE ŚOPTEW̱.‘I jump if you whistle.’
4)W̱ITEṈ SEN ȻE ŚOPTEW̱ HÁLE.‘I jump if you folks whistle.’
5)W̱ITEṈ SW̱ ȻE ŚOPTES.‘You jump if he/she/they whistle.’

‣ 1 As the models show, ȻE introduces a subordinate clause that uses the subordinate subject pronoun suffixes. These are introduced in §17. They are repeated here for ease of reference:
Subordinate subject pronouns
     Singular      Plural
1       ‑EN‘I’       ‑EȽTE‘we’
2       ‑EW̱‘you’       ‑EW̱  HÁLE‘you folks’
3        ‑ES‘he, she, it’       ‑ES‘they’
‣ 2 The pattern for Subordinate conditional construction is:
               main event  ȻE condition event
The main event has the main clause subject, while the condition event has the subordinate clause subject.
‣ 3 In English it is possible to put the conditional clause first, as in ‘If I whistle, you jump.’ This is also possible with the subordinate conditional in SENĆOŦEN, but it is very rare. When it does occur, the following ‘then’ clause is preceded by the conjunction I¸:  ȻE ŚOPTEN I¸ W̱ITEṈ SW̱ ‘If I whistle, you jump.’ The I¸ marks the construction as somewhat reversed from usual. Usually, if you want to put the condition first in SENĆOŦEN, you have to use the coordinate conditional construction, as described in §30.2.
‣ 4 The ȻE particle here can be translated ‘if’ or ‘when.’ In each of the models, the ‘if’ of the translation could be replaced with ‘when.’ For example, W̱ITEṈ SW̱ ȻE ŚOPTEN can also be translated ‘You jump when I whistle.’ However, there are other uses of the ȻE particle that cannot be translated as ‘if’ or ‘when.’ See §53 for its use with indirect quotes.
   
I¸SEU¸Á¸ SEN ȻE YÁ¸EW̱.‘I’ll go along when you go.’
ÍY¸. ȻȽĆELÁL SEN I¸ YÁ¸. ‘Good. I’ll go soon.’
LÁLE¸SET SEN SE¸.‘I’ll get ready.’
YÁ¸ ȽTE SE¸ ȻE HO¸I¸EN‘We’ll go when I finish.’
 
30.1A. Translate each into English.
1. ȽÁU¸ SEN SE¸ ȻE TÁĆELES ȻSE SṮÁLEḴEM.
2. IȽEN ȽTE SE¸ ȻE EMETEȽTE.
3. YÁ¸ SEN ȻE DOQEW̱.
4. ŚTEṈ SEN ȻE EWES SE¸ S ȽEMEW̱.		30.1B. Translate each into SENĆOŦEN.
1. I’ll go if you go.
2. You go when the canoe gets here.
3. Will you sing if I sing?
4. We’ll sleep if you folks go to Victoria.

This page has paths:

  1. 30 Conditional Clauses Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 30 Conditional Clauses Montler, et al.
  2. 23.1. Today, tomorrow, and yesterday Montler, et al.
  3. 53 Indirect Quotes Montler, et al.
  4. 28.1. ‘How?’ Montler, et al.
  5. 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems Montler, et al.
  6. 47.2. Head object of relative clause Montler, et al.
  7. 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ Montler, et al.
  8. 30.4. Or Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions
  2. 30.2. Coordinate conditional
  3. 53 Indirect Quotes