SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

47.2. Head object of relative clause

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Models
1)U¸ XĆIT SW̱ ȻSE SW͸ḴE¸ QENNEN.‘You know the man that I saw.’
2)U¸ XĆIT SW̱ ȻSE SW͸ḴE¸ QENNEW̱.‘You know the man that you saw.’
3)U¸ XĆIT SW̱ ȻSE SW͸ḴE¸ QENNEȽTE.‘You know the man that we saw.’
4)U¸ XĆIT SW̱ ȻSE SW͸ḴE¸ QENNES.‘You know the man that he/she saw.’

‣ 1 As in the previous section, the head has light shading and the relative clause has darker shading. First compare the English translations of these models with the English translations of the models in §47.1, and notice that the relative clause in each model here has a subject.
‣ 2 Comparing the SENĆOŦEN in §47.1 to the models here, you can see that where the models in §47.1 have object suffixes in the relative clause, these here have the subordinate subject suffixes.
‣ 3 The subordinate subjects are introduced in §17 and discussed again §30.1. Review those sections now to make sure you understand the subordinate subjects.
‣ 4 In these models, the head is the object of the relative clause. The subject of the relative clause in each model is marked by the subordinate subject suffix. Other than this, the pattern is the same as the models in §47.1.
‣ 5 A very common use of relative clauses is in a pattern that is usually called a ‘cleft’ construction. Compare:
               QENNEW̱  SEN  TŦE  EN¸   MÁN.            ‘I see your father.’
               see             I      the  your  father
               NIȽ  TŦE  EN¸    MÁN   QENNEN.            ‘It’s your father that I see.’
               it is  the  your father   that I see
The second example is what’s called a cleft sentence. In English, these types of cleft sentences begin with ‘it’; in SENĆOŦEN they begin with NIȽ. Cleft sentences are used when you want to focus the listener’s attention on the object rather than the action.
 
XĆIT E SW̱ ȻŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸ LOLETEN?‘Do you know the girl that I asked out?’
HÁ¸E. ÁN¸ U¸ ÍY¸.‘Yes. She’s very nice.’
NIȽ E ŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸ ḰÁLTEW̱ ‘Is she the girl that you talked to?’
HÁ¸E. ĆŚW̱¸O₭E¸ E?‘Yes. Does she have a sister?’
 
47.2A. Translate into English.
1. XĆIT SEN ŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸ QENNEN.
2. QENNEṈ SEN ¸E ŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸ QENNEW̱.
3. XĆIT SW̱ ŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸ QENNEȽTE.
4. QENNES ȻŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸ XĆITEW̱.		47.2B. Translate into SENĆOŦEN
1. Do you know the girl we saw?
2. It was the girl that arrived that you saw.
3. The girl that you saw arrived.
4. I saw the girl that you know.

47.2C. Make three new sentences using relative clauses with object heads.

This page has paths:

  1. 47 Relative Clauses Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 15.2. Focus pronouns in questions and answers to ‘Who?’ Montler, et al.
  2. 47.3. Headless relative clauses Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions
  2. 30.1. Subordinate conditional
  3. 47.1. Head subject of relative clause