SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

11.2. ‘But’ and ‘without’

43373 12 No and Not
Models
1)EMET LE¸ SW̱ I¸ U¸ EWE S IȽEN.‘You sat but didn’t eat.’
2)XEȽ SEN I¸ U¸ ŚETEṈ¸.‘I’m sick but walking.’
3)XEȽ SEN I¸ U¸ ŚETEṈ¸ SEN.‘I’m sick but I’m walking.’
4)YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ I¸ U¸ EWENE NE SKEM¸EL¸. ‘I’ll go without my paddle.’

‣ 1 The meaning of ‘but’ is similar to that of ‘and.’ They both conjoin two phrases—one to the left, and one to the right. The difference is that with ‘but’ the phrase to the right of it is in contrast with the phrase to the left of it.
­‣ 2 In SENĆOŦEN the notion of ‘in contrast’ is added to any verb with the little prefix U¸ /ʔuʔ-/. ­See more on this prefix in §56.1.
‣ 3 The meaning and use of the U¸ prefix is somewhat broader than ‘in contrast.’ It means more like ‘with respect to what has happened or been said.’ The ‘in contrast’ meaning is included in that broader definition.
‣ 4 You know that YÁ¸ LE¸ SEN means ‘I went,’ so when the U¸ prefix is added, U¸ YÁ¸ LE¸ SEN means something like ‘in contrast (to what you might think), I went’ or ‘with respect to that, I went.’
­‣ 5 Note that this prefix is traditionally written as a separate word in SENĆOŦEN.
­‣ 6 SENĆOŦEN produces the notion of English ‘but’ with a combination of I¸ ‘and’ and U¸ ‘in contrast.’ Note that the verb in the second clause in the models always begins with U¸.
­‣ 7 The idea of ‘without’ is created in SENĆOŦEN with a combination of I¸ and the U¸ prefix on EWENE, which means ‘is nothing, doesn’t exist.’
­‣ 8 Negative words like EWENE are covered in detail in §12.5. For now, it will be enough to know that EWENE followed by a possessed noun means ‘have no.’ So EWENE NE SKEM¸EL¸ ‘I have no paddle.’ And with the U¸‑ prefix, U¸ EWENE NE SKEM¸EL¸ means ‘in contrast to what you might think, I have no paddle.’
­‣ 9 The final model here uses I¸ to conjoin YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ ‘I’ll go’ and U¸ EWENE NE SKEM¸EL¸. The result, YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ I¸ U¸ EWENE NE SKEM¸EL¸, literally means ‘I’ll go and, contrary to what you might think, I have no paddle.’ Another way to translate this would be ‘I’ll go, but I have no paddle.’ A freer and easier translation uses ‘without’: ‘I’ll go without a paddle.’
­‣ 10 New vocabulary (with the stressed vowel underlined): ŚETEṈ¸ ‘walking;’ XEȽ ‘to be sick;’ SKEM¸EL¸ ‘canoe paddle.’
 
U¸ ÍY¸ E SW̱?‘Are you well?’
XEȽ SEN I¸ U¸ TUWE ŚETEṈ¸.‘I’m sick but still walking.’
X̱EṈ E SW̱ I¸ ȻONEṈET?‘Can you run?’
EWE. ŚTEṈ SEN I¸ U¸ EWE S ȻONEṈET. ‘No. I walk but don’t run.’

11.2A. Which of these sentences is ungrammatical? If it is ungrammatical, explain why it is. If it is grammatical, translate the sentence. If you see a word you do not know, look it up in the SENĆOŦEN dictionary.
1. IȽEN SEN I¸ U¸ EWENE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
2. X̱EṈ E SW̱ E¸ ȻONEṈET?
3. XEȽ ŦE NE TÁN I¸ U¸ ŚETEṈ¸.       
4. XEȽ I¸ U¸ ŚETEṈ¸ E¸ TŦE NE TÁN.
5. XEȽ I¸ U¸ ŚETEṈ¸ TŦE NE TÁN.
11.2B. Make four new SENĆOŦEN sentences that will translate with ‘but’ or ‘without’.

This page has paths:

  1. 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 20.3. Comparative constructions: The Focus Comparative Montler, et al.
  2. 28.1. ‘How?’ Montler, et al.
  3. 19.1. ‘Every,’ ‘all,’ and ‘any’ Montler, et al.
  4. 56.1. TU¸- ‘kind of,’ I¸- ‘process,’ U¸- ‘contrast’ Montler, et al.
  5. 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 12.5. ‘None,’ ‘nothing,’ and ‘not exist’
  2. 56.1. TU¸- ‘kind of,’ I¸- ‘process,’ U¸- ‘contrast’