SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

14.4. ‘Deny something to,’ ‘turn down for something’

43373 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’
Models
 
1)QEYESIT SEN.‘I denied it to him/her.’
2)QEYESIT SEN ¸E ȻSE TÁLE.‘I denied him the money.’
3)QEYESIT SEN TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸ ¸E ȻSE TÁLE.‘I denied the money to my friend.’
4)QEYESITEṈ SEN.‘I was turned down.’
5)QEYESITEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE TÁLE ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.‘I was denied the money by my friend.’

‣ 1 This is another word based on the same root /k̕ʷey/ as SQȺ and QEYÁT.  
‣ 2 This time the root has the ‑SIT ‘beneficiary’ suffix. Adding this suffix makes the direct object refer to a person (or animal) that is affected by some action for or against his/her benefit. For now, just study these models. The ‑SIT suffix will be covered in much more detail in §36.2.
‣ 3 The main verb here, QEYESIT, means to deny somebody something or to turn somebody down with respect to something. In practice, this is often used to refer to turning someone down for a loan or a favor or an application for some position.
‣ 4 The direct object of QEYESIT is always a person or personal animal such as a dog, cat, or horse. The thing that is denied can be specified in a prepositional phrase (§8). This is shown in models 2, 3, and 5 here.
‣ 5 Model 5 is a passive sentence with two prepositional phrases. The subject SEN is the participant undergoing the denial. The first prepositional phrase, ¸E TŦE TÁLE., specifies the thing denied, and the second prepositional phrase, ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸, specifies who is doing the denying. There does not seem to be any rule for restricting the number of prepositional phrases a sentence may have as long as the sentence makes sense and follows the other basic rules.
 
ȺYEL¸TW̱ E SW̱ ¸E TŦE SNEW̱EȽ?‘Did you lend him the canoe?’
EWE. QEYESIT SEN.‘No. I turned him down.’
X̱ENIṈ ȻEĆÁ EN¸ ŚW̱ QEYESIT?‘Why did you turn him down?’
ÁN¸ U¸ SQȺ TŦE NE SNEW̱EȽ.‘My canoe is really no good.’

14.4A. Which of these sentences is ungrammatical? If it is ungrammatical, explain why it is. If it is grammatical, translate the sentence. If you see a word you do not know, look it up in the SENĆOŦEN dictionary.
1. QEYESIT E LE¸ SW̱?
2. QEYESIT SEN TŦE TÁLE.
3. QEYESIT SEN TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
4. EWE SEN S QEYESIT TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸.
5. EWE SEN S QEYESIT ¸E TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸.
6. QEYESITEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
7. QEYESITEṈ E SW̱ TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸?
8. QEYESITEṈ E SW̱ NE SḴÁXE¸?
9. EWE S QEYESITEṈ TŦE NE SḴÁXE¸ ¸E TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.
10. EWE SEN QEYESITEṈ TŦE SḴÁXE¸.
14.4B. Make up four more sentences using QEYESIT.

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  1. 14 More Negative Words Montler, et al.