1.2. Transitive subject pronouns
Singular | Plural | |||
1 | ____ SEN | ‘I’ | ____ ȽTE | ‘we’ |
2 | ____ SW̱ | ‘you’ | ____ SW̱ HÁLE | ‘you folks’ |
3 | ____ ‑ES | ‘he, she, it’ | ____ ‑ES | ‘they’ |
Models
1) ȻENET SEN. ‘I take it.’ 2) ȻENET ȽTE. ‘We take it.’ 3) ȻENET SW̱. ‘You take it.’ 4) ȻENET SW̱ HÁLE. ‘You all take it.’ 5) ȻENETES. ‘He/she/it/they take it.’ |
‣ 1 The transitive subjects are mostly the same as the intransitive subjects. Only the ‘he,’ ‘she,’ ‘it,’ or ‘they’ form is different: it is an ‑ES ending (a suffix) on the verb.
‣ 2 Note that the direct object here is given as ‘it.’ This could also be translated as ‘him,’ ‘her,’ or ‘them.’ More on direct objects can be found in §32.
‣ 3 Note that ȻENET ‘take it, grab it’ and the other transitive verbs given below all end in ET. This is a good (but not always 100% reliable) way to tell that a verb is transitive: if it ends in an ET or T, chances are it is transitive.
‣ 4 There are other endings on transitive verbs, such as ‑NEW̱ and ‑TW̱, that will be covered in later sections.
‣ 5 Here are some other transitive verbs. Usually SENĆOŦEN spelling does not mark stress—the strongest vowel in a word. In this list, the stressed vowel is marked with an underline to help you remember how to pronounce it. Memorize these now for use in this and later sections:
ȻENÁṈET | ‘help it’ | ŚJET | ‘hit it’ | |
QENET | ‘look at it’ | ŚEJNEW̱ | ‘hit it (accidentally)’ | |
QENNEW̱ | ‘see it’ | SÁ¸ET | ‘lift it’ | |
W̱EĆET | ‘wake it’ | ȻÁ¸ET | ‘drop it’ | |
ŚÁMET | ‘dry it’ | XĆIT | ‘know it’ | |
ȽȾET | ‘cut it’ | TȻET | ‘break it (a long object)’ | |
MEDET | ‘bend it’ | ȻENET | ‘take it’ |
![]() | ÁȽE E SW̱ U¸ ÍY¸ OL¸? | ‘How are you?’ |
![]() | U¸ ÍY¸ SEN. | ‘I’m fine.’ |
![]() | STOṈET SW̱ ȻEĆÁ? | ‘What are you doing?’ |
![]() | ȻONEṈET SEN. | ‘I’m running. (I run.)’ |
![]() | X̱ENIṈ ȻEĆÁ EN¸ ŚW̱ȻONEṈET? | ‘Why do you run?’ |
![]() | ȻENET SEN. | ‘I took it.’ |
1.2A. Translate each of the following into English. 1. ȻENET ȽTE. 2. ȻÁ¸ET SEN. 3. ȻENÁṈETES. 4. W̱EĆET SW̱. 5. SÁ¸ET SEN. 6. TȻET ȽTE. 7. ŚJET SW̱. 8. ȻENITES. 9. XĆIT ȽTE. 10. ȽIȾET SW̱ HÁLE. | 1.2B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN. 1. You hold it. 2. We dry it. 3. I break it. 4. They drop it. 5. She hit it. 6. He takes it. 7. You all lift it. 8. You help it. 9. We cut it. 10. I know it. |
1.2C. Write three SENĆOŦEN sentences not shown in 1.2 using the transitive verbs shown above. 1.2D. Find four more transitive SENĆOŦEN verbs and make three sentences with each. |