SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

40.3. Let causative: -TW̱

43373
Models
1)ESETW̱.‘Let me do it.’
2)ȽNIṈEȽTW̱.‘Let us do it.’
3)NEȻETW̱.‘You do it.’
4)NIȽTW̱.‘Let him/her/them do it.’
5)MEQTW̱.‘Let everyone do it.’

‣ 1 When the ‑TW̱ suffix is added to a focus pronoun (§15.2), the result is a verb that includes ‘let’ in the meaning, as in the examples. In the translation to English, the emphasis is on the pronoun.
‣ 2 The translation given is the usual one L1 speakers give for each of these models, but a more accurate translation would not have the ‘do it’ part. For example, model 1 is ‘Let it be me’ or ‘Allow me.’ Another way to translate these is with ‘be the one.’ Model 1 would be ‘I’ll be the one.’
‣ 3 An action can be added to any of the models. For example, ESETW̱ QENNEW̱ ‘Let me see it’ or better ‘Allow it to be me that sees it.’
‣ 4 A particular participant can be added to model 4. For example, NIȽTW̱ TŦE NE MÁN ‘Let it be my father (that does it)’ and NIȽTW̱ MÁLI ‘Let it be Mary.’
‣ 5 These ‘let’ causatives are really just a special case of the inanimate causative. They differ from the causatives in §40.2 in that these never take object suffixes and they always are imperatives with an understood second person subject—‘you let it be me.’
‣ 6 The ‘let’ causative can be added to a passive form. For example, ȻENET ‘take it’ has the passive ȻENETEṈ ‘be taken’ and the causative form ȻENETEṈTW̱ ‘let be taken’ as in ȻENETEṈTW̱ TŦE SWIU¸LES ‘Let the young man be taken (by the dancers).’
‣ 7 In the SENĆOŦEN dictionary, there are five entries for words with the ‑TW̱ ‘let’ causative following the ‑ET (§1.2) transitive suffix: HILETTW̱ ‘let drop, ’ ȻENETTW̱ ‘let take,’ QENETTW̱ ‘let look at,’ ȾELETTW̱ ‘let defeat,’ and XEĆTTW̱ ‘let figure out.’ These words all came from a list of words written down by the SENĆOŦEN teachers, and they make sense with respect to the general grammar of the language. However, no words like these appear in the hundreds of recorded narratives and conversations from L1 speakers, and, when asked, no L1 elders know these words or can interpret any words with the ‑ET transitivizer followed by the ‑TW̱ causative. The only exceptions are words with the ‑ET suffix that also have the passive, as described in point 6, above.
 
ESETW̱ ȻENÁṈESE.‘Let me help you.’
HÍ SW̱ KE!‘Thank you.’
ÁN¸ U¸ XEM TI¸Á EN¸ SNEW̱EȽ. ‘Your canoe is really heavy.’
NEȻETW̱ SÁ¸ET TŦE HI¸U¸.‘You be the one to lift the bow.’
 
40.3A. Translate into English.
1. MEQTW̱ IȽEN.
2. ȽNIṈEȽTW̱ ŦE TOWEN.
3. NIȽTW̱ ŦIȽEṈ.
4. NIȽTW̱ TŦE NE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸.		40.3B. Translate into SENĆOŦEN.
1. You go to town.
2. Let me eat.
3. Let us go inside.
4. Let your dog go home.

This page has paths:

  1. 40 Cause Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 40.4. Location causative: -ÁS Montler, et al.
  2. 40.3. Let causative: -TW̱ Montler, et al.
  3. 40.3. Let causative: -TW̱ Montler, et al.
  4. 51.2. Using SU¸- and NIȽ SU¸- Montler, et al.
  5. 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion Montler, et al.
  6. 40 Cause Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 1.2. Transitive subject pronouns
  2. 40.3. Let causative: -TW̱
  3. 40.2. Inanimate causative: -TW̱