Klallam Grammar Main Menu Klallam Grammar Alphabet and Sounds Basics Grammar Introduction: How to Use This Grammar 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Object Pronouns 8 The Preposition and Word Order 9 Negative Words 10 More Negative Words 11 Self and Each Other 12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’ 13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 14 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions 16 Comparison 17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’ 18 Questions: ‘When?’ 19 Time Expressions 20 More Time Expressions 21 Time Prefixes 22 Questions: ‘Where?’ 23 Some Place Expressions 24 Source, Way, and Destination 25 Serial Verbs 26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 27 While Clauses 28 Adverbial Expressions 29 Intensifier Auxiliaries 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels 32 Lexical Suffixes 33 Collective Plural 34 Possessed Verbs 35 So Then ... 36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 37 Indirect Quotes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Speech Act Particles 42 The Actual: To Be Continuing 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects 46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent 47 Activity Suffixes 48 Relative Clauses 49 Verbal Prefixes 50 Movement and Development Suffixes 51 Nominalizing Prefixes 52 Adverbial Prefixes 53 More Demonstrative Articles 54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success 55 More Reduplication Patterns 56 Interjections 57 Rare Suffixes 58 A Fully Annotated Text 59 Texts to Annotate 60 Conclusion Appendices Klallam Dictionary Klallam-English and English-Klallam sections only

54.4. -íŋət ‘object of success’

30904 55 More Reduplication Patterns
haʔníŋəc cn.‘I got to thank you.’
haʔníŋəc u cxʷ.‘Did you get to thank me?’
haʔníŋət  cn.‘I got to thank him/her/them.’
⋄haʔníŋətəŋ cn.‘He/she/they got to thank me.’

► 1 The verb root in each of the models here is háʔn‑, which occurs in the middle form háʔnəŋ ‘thank, be grateful’ and in the basic transitive form háʔnət ‘thank someone.’
► 2 The ‑íŋət suffix is a transitivizer that means ‘succeeded in accomplishing it’ or ‘got to do it’ or ‘got a chance to.’
► 3  The meaning  of the ‑íŋət suffix is similar to that of the noncontrol transitivizer (§7.2). The difference is that ‑íŋət does not have the ‘accidental’ meaning that ‑naxʷ does.
► 4 The ‑íŋət is the least well documented of the transitivizers. Although all of the elders recognized it and understood its meaning, it does not occur often in the Klallam texts, and the elders did not often use it in conversation.
► 5 The last model is marked with the symbol ⋄. This indicates that this form is probably correct but is not attested in the Klallam materials we have. There are similar forms with different roots. For example, we do have the word tkʷíŋətəŋ ‘get to be broken,’ based on tkʷíŋət ‘get to finally break it’ with the root tkʷ ‘break.’
ʔuʔhaʔníŋət u cxʷ kʷɬə n̓tán.
ʔáwə. hiyáʔ ƛ̓aʔtáwn ʔaʔ kʷi kʷaʔčéy̓.

 

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  1. 54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success Montler, et al.

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  1. 54.4. Exercises

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