Klallam GrammarMain MenuKlallam GrammarAlphabet and SoundsBasicsGrammarIntroduction: How to Use This Grammar1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Object Pronouns8 The Preposition and Word Order9 Negative Words10 More Negative Words11 Self and Each Other12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions14 Questions: ‘Whose?’15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions16 Comparison17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’18 Questions: ‘When?’19 Time Expressions20 More Time Expressions21 Time Prefixes22 Questions: ‘Where?’23 Some Place Expressions24 Source, Way, and Destination25 Serial Verbs26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’27 While Clauses28 Adverbial Expressions29 Intensifier Auxiliaries30 Conditional Clauses31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels32 Lexical Suffixes33 Collective Plural34 Possessed Verbs35 So Then ...36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes37 Indirect Quotes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Speech Act Particles42 The Actual: To Be Continuing43 State, Result, and Duration44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent47 Activity Suffixes48 Relative Clauses49 Verbal Prefixes50 Movement and Development Suffixes51 Nominalizing Prefixes52 Adverbial Prefixes53 More Demonstrative Articles54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success55 More Reduplication Patterns56 Interjections57 Rare Suffixes58 A Fully Annotated Text59 Texts to Annotate60 ConclusionAppendicesKlallam DictionaryKlallam-English and English-Klallam sections onlyMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
54.4. -íŋət ‘object of success’
12021-07-09T06:18:40-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910130904154.4. Modelsplain2021-07-09T06:18:40-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
►1The verb root in each of the models here is háʔn‑, which occurs in the middle form háʔnəŋ ‘thank, be grateful’ and in the basic transitive form háʔnət ‘thank someone.’ ►2The ‑íŋət suffix is a transitivizer that means ‘succeeded in accomplishing it’ or ‘got to do it’ or ‘got a chance to.’ ►3 The meaning of the ‑íŋət suffix is similar to that of the noncontrol transitivizer (§7.2). The difference is that ‑íŋət does not have the ‘accidental’ meaning that ‑naxʷ does. ►4The ‑íŋət is the least well documented of the transitivizers. Although all of the elders recognized it and understood its meaning, it does not occur often in the Klallam texts, and the elders did not often use it in conversation. ►5The last model is marked with the symbol ⋄. This indicates that this form is probably correct but is not attested in the Klallam materials we have. There are similar forms with different roots. For example, we do have the word tkʷíŋətəŋ ‘get to be broken,’ based on tkʷíŋət ‘get to finally break it’ with the root tkʷ ‘break.’