1.1. Intransitive subject pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ____cn | ‘I’ | ____st | ‘we’ |
| 2 | ____cxʷ | ‘you’ | ____cxʷ hay | ‘you folks’ |
| 3 | ∅ | ‘he, she, it’ | ∅ | ‘they’ |
| hiyáʔ cn. | ‘I go.’ | |
| hiyáʔ st. | ‘We go.’ | |
| hiyáʔ cxʷ. | ‘You go.’ | |
| hiyáʔ cxʷ hay. | ‘You folks go.’ | |
| hiyáʔ. | ‘He/she/it/they go.’ |
►1 Note that in Klallam the verb always comes first. In later sections we will learn that there are some exceptions to this.
►2 The subjects cn, st, and cxʷ are not independent words. The must always be accompanied by a verb.
►3 Note that when the verb is intransitive the subject translated as ‘he,’ ‘she,’ ‘it,’ or ‘they’ is simply understood.
►4 Note that the subjects are all grammatical particles and so are never stressed.
►5 Here are some other intransitive verbs. Memorize these now for use in this and later sections:
ʔítt ‘sleep’
kʷánəŋət ‘run’
nə́qəŋ ‘dive’
kʷə́yəŋ ‘fly’
ɬáw̓ ‘run away’
štə́ŋ ‘walk’
xʷítəŋ ‘jump’
šə́wi ‘grow’
ʔíc̓əŋ ‘get dressed’
x̣ʷúŋ ‘cry’
►2 The subjects cn, st, and cxʷ are not independent words. The must always be accompanied by a verb.
►3 Note that when the verb is intransitive the subject translated as ‘he,’ ‘she,’ ‘it,’ or ‘they’ is simply understood.
►4 Note that the subjects are all grammatical particles and so are never stressed.
►5 Here are some other intransitive verbs. Memorize these now for use in this and later sections:
ʔítt ‘sleep’
kʷánəŋət ‘run’
nə́qəŋ ‘dive’
kʷə́yəŋ ‘fly’
ɬáw̓ ‘run away’
štə́ŋ ‘walk’
xʷítəŋ ‘jump’
šə́wi ‘grow’
ʔíc̓əŋ ‘get dressed’
x̣ʷúŋ ‘cry’
 | ʔəsx̣ʷan̓íŋ cxʷ. | ‘How are you?’ |
 | ʔuʔə́y̓ cn. | ‘I’m fine.’ |
| ʔaʔstúʔŋət cxʷ. | ‘What are you doing?’ |
| kʷánəŋət cn. | ‘I’m running. (I run.)’ |