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• 1 2018-07-16T21:46:40-07:00 1.1. Intransitive subject pronouns 79 plain 2021-07-16T04:25:03-07:00

  	Singular		Plural
  1	____cn	‘I’	____st	‘we’
  2	____cxʷ	‘you’	____cxʷ hay	‘you folks’
  3	∅	‘he, she, it’	∅	‘they’

  
  

  	hiyáʔ cn.	‘I go.’
  	hiyáʔ st.	‘We go.’
  	hiyáʔ cxʷ.	‘You go.’
  	hiyáʔ cxʷ hay.	‘You folks go.’
  	hiyáʔ.	‘He/she/it/they go.’

  ►1  Note that in Klallam the verb always comes first. In later sections we will learn that there are some exceptions to this.
  ►2  The subjects cn, st, and cxʷ are not independent words. The must always be accompanied by a verb.
  ►3  Note that when the verb is intransitive the subject translated as ‘he,’ ‘she,’ ‘it,’ or ‘they’ is simply understood. 
  ►4  Note that the subjects are all grammatical particles and so are never stressed.
  ►5  Here are some other intransitive verbs. Memorize these now for use in this and later sections:
  ʔítt               ‘sleep’
  kʷánəŋət      ‘run’
  nə́qəŋ          ‘dive’
  kʷə́yəŋ         ‘fly’
  ɬáw̓              ‘run away’
  štə́ŋ             ‘walk’
  xʷítəŋ          ‘jump’
  šə́wi             ‘grow’
  ʔíc̓əŋ            ‘get dressed’
  x̣ʷúŋ            ‘cry’
   

  	ʔəsx̣ʷan̓íŋ cxʷ.	‘How are you?’
  	ʔuʔə́y̓ cn.	‘I’m fine.’
  	ʔaʔstúʔŋət cxʷ.	‘What are you doing?’
  	kʷánəŋət cn.	‘I’m running. (I run.)’