1.2. Transitive subject pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ____cn | ‘I’ | ____st | ‘we’ |
| 2 | ____cxʷ | ‘you’ | ____cxʷ hay | ‘you folks’ |
| 3 | -s | ‘he, she, it’ | -s | ‘they’ |
| ƛ̓kʷə́t cn. | ‘I take it.’ |
| ƛ̓kʷə́t st. | ‘We take it.’ |
| ƛ̓kʷə́t cxʷ. | ‘You take it.’ |
| ƛ̓kʷə́t cxʷ hay. | ‘You all take it.’ |
| ƛ̓kʷə́ts. | ‘He/she/it/they take it.’ |
► 1 The transitive subjects are mostly the same as the intransitive subjects. Only the ‘he,’ ‘she,’ ‘it,’ or ‘they’ form is different: it is an s ending (called a suffix) on the verb.
► 2 Note that the direct object here is given as ‘it.’ This could also be translated as ‘him,’ ‘her,’ or ‘them.’ More on direct objects coming soon.
► 3 Note that ƛ̓kʷə́t ‘take it, grab it’ and the other transitive verbs given below all end in t. This is a good (but not always 100% reliable) way to tell that a verb is transitive: if it ends in a t, chances are it is transitive.
► 4 There are other endings on transitive verbs, such as ‑nəxʷ and ‑txʷ, that will be covered in later sections.
► 5 Here are some other transitive verbs. Memorize these now for use in this and later sections:
► 2 Note that the direct object here is given as ‘it.’ This could also be translated as ‘him,’ ‘her,’ or ‘them.’ More on direct objects coming soon.
► 3 Note that ƛ̓kʷə́t ‘take it, grab it’ and the other transitive verbs given below all end in t. This is a good (but not always 100% reliable) way to tell that a verb is transitive: if it ends in a t, chances are it is transitive.
► 4 There are other endings on transitive verbs, such as ‑nəxʷ and ‑txʷ, that will be covered in later sections.
► 5 Here are some other transitive verbs. Memorize these now for use in this and later sections:
| kʷənáŋət | ‘help it’ |
| k̓ʷə́nt | ‘look at it’ |
| c̓čə́t | ‘wake it’ |
| x̣áčt | ‘dry it’ |
| ɬíc̓t | ‘cut it’ |
| ƛ̓kʷít | ‘hold it’ |
| šč̓ə́t | ‘hit it’ |
| sáʔət | ‘lift it’ |
| míst | ‘choose it’ |
| x̣čít | ‘know it’ |
| tkʷə́t | ‘break it (a long object)’ |
| ƛ̓kʷə́t | ‘take it’ |
 | ʔəsx̣ʷan̕íŋ cxʷ. | ‘How are you?’ |
 | ʔuʔə́y̓ cn. | ‘I’m fine.’ |
| ʔaʔstúʔŋət cxʷ ʔuč. | ‘What are you doing?’ |
| kʷánəŋət cn. | ‘I run.’ |
| ʔaʔstúʔŋət kʷaʔčaʔ. | ‘Why?’ |
| ƛ̓kʷə́t cn. | ‘I took it.’ |