Klallam GrammarMain MenuKlallam GrammarAlphabet and SoundsBasicsGrammarIntroduction: How to Use This Grammar1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Object Pronouns8 The Preposition and Word Order9 Negative Words10 More Negative Words11 Self and Each Other12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions14 Questions: ‘Whose?’15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions16 Comparison17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’18 Questions: ‘When?’19 Time Expressions20 More Time Expressions21 Time Prefixes22 Questions: ‘Where?’23 Some Place Expressions24 Source, Way, and Destination25 Serial Verbs26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’27 While Clauses28 Adverbial Expressions29 Intensifier Auxiliaries30 Conditional Clauses31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels32 Lexical Suffixes33 Collective Plural34 Possessed Verbs35 So Then ...36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes37 Indirect Quotes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Speech Act Particles42 The Actual: To Be Continuing43 State, Result, and Duration44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent47 Activity Suffixes48 Relative Clauses49 Verbal Prefixes50 Movement and Development Suffixes51 Nominalizing Prefixes52 Adverbial Prefixes53 More Demonstrative Articles54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success55 More Reduplication Patterns56 Interjections57 Rare Suffixes58 A Fully Annotated Text59 Texts to Annotate60 ConclusionAppendicesKlallam DictionaryKlallam-English and English-Klallam sections onlyMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
46-3 qʷiʔnə́wi
12021-07-09T08:24:22-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a94174910130904146.3. qʷiʔnə́wi2021-07-09T08:24:22-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
‘I managed to go.’ (depending on someone for a ride, for example)
ʔíɬəntənúʔŋət cn.
‘I finally got to eat.’ (depending on someone for food)
ʔə́ctənúʔŋət.
‘I’ll take over.’
►1It is possible that this suffix is related to or contains the noncontrol middle. But the distinction is clear if you compare the first model here with the first model in §46.2. ►2The first model of §46.2, hiyaʔnúŋət ‘finally get to go,’ is nearly the same in meaning as the first model here, hiyáʔtənúʔŋət. The difference is that ‑tənúʔŋət implies that the ‘getting to go’ was or is contingent or dependent on someone or something else. ►3The second model shows this dependence idea more clearly. The speaker of this sentence is expressing the idea that he was waiting for or dependent on a situation or another person to provide food. ►4This suffix can occur on a focus pronoun, as in the third model. This could also be translated ‘I’ll be the one to do it’ or ‘I’ll fill the vacancy’ or ‘It will depend on me.’ It is this last translation possibility that shows the idea of dependence or contingency. ►5The ‑tənúʔŋət suffix always has stress independent of the stem it is attached to. The stem keeps its stress so that both the stem and the suffix are stressed. This is unusual for a Klallam suffix.