5.2. Emphatic possession: skʷáʔ
nəskʷáʔ. | ‘It’s mine.’ |
skʷáʔɬ. | ‘It’s ours.’ |
ʔən̕skʷáʔ. | ‘It’s yours.’ |
ʔən̕skʷáʔ hay. | ‘It’s all of yours.’ |
skʷáʔs. | ‘It’s his/hers/its/theirs.’ |
nəskʷáʔ nətán. | ‘It’s my mother.’ |
skʷáʔɬ tánɬ. | ‘It’s our mother.’ |
ʔən̕skʷáʔ ʔən̕tán. | ‘It’s your mother.’ |
ʔən̕skʷáʔ hay ʔən̕tán. | ‘It’s you folks’ mother.’ |
skʷáʔs táns. | ‘It’s his/her/its/their mother.’ |
► 1 To form the emphatic possessive, add the possessive prefix or suffix to skʷáʔ.
► 2 The emphatic forms shown in the examples could also be translated in English with ‘own’ as in ‘It’s my own mother,’ ‘It’s our own mother,’ and so on.
► 3 For the second model from the bottom, ʔən̕skʷáʔ hay ʔən̕tán, it is also possible (and for some elders it is preferable) to say ʔən̕skʷáʔ ʔən̕tán hay, with the hay at the end. It is never good to use hay twice, as in *ʔən̕skʷáʔ hay ʔən̕tán hay. (The asterisk in front of the sentence is used to indicate that it is ungrammatical.) In fact, this sounds awful to native speakers.
ƛ̕kʷə́t u cxʷ kʷsə nəskʷáʔ nətálə. | ‘Did you take my money?’ | |
ʔáwə. nəskʷáʔ nətálə. | ‘No. It’s my money.’ | |
cán ʔay̕ či ƛ̕kʷə́t. | ‘Who took it?’ | |
ʔáwənə nəsx̣čít. | ‘I don’t know.’ |