Klallam Grammar

5.1. Possessive prefixes and suffixes

tán‘my mother’
   tánɬ‘our mother’
ʔən̓tán‘your mother’
ʔən̓tán hay‘you folks’ mother’
    táns‘his/her/its/their mother’

1  Note that forms meaning ‘my’ and ‘your’ are prefixes, while the forms meaning ‘our’ and ‘his/her/its/their’ are suffixes.
2  Note that, just as in the previous sections, when there is more than one ‘you,’ hay is put at the end.
3  When words with the possessive prefixes and suffixes are used in a noun phrase, they must be preceded by an article, just as any other noun, as in hiyáʔ cə nətán  ‘my mother goes.’
4  Klallam differs from English, where the possessive word takes the place of the article. We do not need to say ‘the my mother goes;’ in fact, this is ungrammatical in English. But in Klallam the article must be there.
5  Note that, just as with other nouns, words with the possessive pronouns can be used as nouns or verbs. For example,
          x̣čít cn tán.       ‘I know my mother’
          nətán u cxʷ.             ‘Are you my mother?’
6  Note that the possessive prefixes and suffixes are never stressed.
7  In fluent, connected speech the ə is usually dropped in the ‘my’ and ‘your’ prefixes. So, for example, ‘my mother’ is pronounced ntán and ‘your mother’ is pronounced ʔn̓tán.
ʔəsʔúmənaʔ u yaʔ kʷə ʔən̓cə́t.‘Did your father hunt?’
ƛ̓ácu yaʔ kʷə nəcə́t.‘My father fished.’
ʔəsx̣ʷaʔníŋ ʔuč cə ʔən̓tán hay.‘How is your mother?’
ʔuʔə́y̓ cə tánɬ.‘Our mother is fine.’

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