Klallam Grammar Main Menu Klallam Grammar Alphabet and Sounds Basics Grammar Introduction: How to Use This Grammar 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Object Pronouns 8 The Preposition and Word Order 9 Negative Words 10 More Negative Words 11 Self and Each Other 12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’ 13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 14 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions 16 Comparison 17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’ 18 Questions: ‘When?’ 19 Time Expressions 20 More Time Expressions 21 Time Prefixes 22 Questions: ‘Where?’ 23 Some Place Expressions 24 Source, Way, and Destination 25 Serial Verbs 26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 27 While Clauses 28 Adverbial Expressions 29 Intensifier Auxiliaries 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels 32 Lexical Suffixes 33 Collective Plural 34 Possessed Verbs 35 So Then ... 36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 37 Indirect Quotes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Speech Act Particles 42 The Actual: To Be Continuing 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects 46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent 47 Activity Suffixes 48 Relative Clauses 49 Verbal Prefixes 50 Movement and Development Suffixes 51 Nominalizing Prefixes 52 Adverbial Prefixes 53 More Demonstrative Articles 54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success 55 More Reduplication Patterns 56 Interjections 57 Rare Suffixes 58 A Fully Annotated Text 59 Texts to Annotate 60 Conclusion Appendices Klallam Dictionary Klallam-English and English-Klallam sections only

5.1. Possessive prefixes and suffixes

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nətán‘my mother’
   tánɬ‘our mother’
ʔən̓tán‘your mother’
ʔən̓tán hay‘you folks’ mother’
    táns‘his/her/its/their mother’

► 1  Note that forms meaning ‘my’ and ‘your’ are prefixes, while the forms meaning ‘our’ and ‘his/her/its/their’ are suffixes.
► 2  Note that, just as in the previous sections, when there is more than one ‘you,’ hay is put at the end.
► 3  When words with the possessive prefixes and suffixes are used in a noun phrase, they must be preceded by an article, just as any other noun, as in hiyáʔ cə nətán  ‘my mother goes.’
► 4  Klallam differs from English, where the possessive word takes the place of the article. We do not need to say ‘the my mother goes;’ in fact, this is ungrammatical in English. But in Klallam the article must be there.
► 5  Note that, just as with other nouns, words with the possessive pronouns can be used as nouns or verbs. For example,
          x̣čít cn cə nətán.       ‘I know my mother’
          nətán u cxʷ.             ‘Are you my mother?’
► 6  Note that the possessive prefixes and suffixes are never stressed.
► 7  In fluent, connected speech the ə is usually dropped in the ‘my’ and ‘your’ prefixes. So, for example, ‘my mother’ is pronounced ntán and ‘your mother’ is pronounced ʔn̓tán.
ʔəsʔúmənaʔ u yaʔ kʷə ʔən̓cə́t.‘Did your father hunt?’
ƛ̓ácu yaʔ kʷə nəcə́t.‘My father fished.’
ʔəsx̣ʷaʔníŋ ʔuč cə ʔən̓tán hay.‘How is your mother?’
ʔuʔə́y̓ cə tánɬ.‘Our mother is fine.’

This page has paths:

  1. 5 Possessive Pronouns Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 5.1. Exercises

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