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• 1 2018-07-28T12:30:24-07:00 24.3. Way and destination 6 plain 2022-06-03T11:23:55-07:00

  tx̣ə́nəŋ cn.	‘I go through that way.’
  hiyáʔ cn tx̣ə́nəŋ.	‘I go through that way.’
  tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ cə súɬ.	‘I go through (or via) the door’
  tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ či qʷúʔ.	‘I go by (or via) water.’
  tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ či qʷúʔ či nəsʔúx̣ʷ ʔaʔmitúliyə.	‘I go by water to Victoria.’

  ► 1  The word tx̣ə́nəŋ means ‘go by way of’ or ‘go via’ or ‘go through.’ It can be used as an intransitive verb with just a subject, as in the first two examples, but it is more commonly used followed by an ʔaʔ prepositional phrase, as in the other examples.
  ► 2  When you want to specify the ‘way’ with tx̣ə́nəŋ, use a prepositional phrase, as in tx̣ə́nəŋ ʔaʔ cə súɬ. Since the word súɬ can mean either ‘door’ or ‘road,’ this sentence can also mean ‘I go by way of (or via) the road.’
  ► 3  The ‘way’ specified in the prepositional phrase is the route of travel. In tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ cə súɬ  ‘I go by the road (or through the door),’ the road (or door) is the route.
  ► 4  tx̣ə́nəŋ is used only to specify the route. You cannot, for example, use *tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ cə snə́xʷɬ to mean ‘I go by canoe;’ the canoe is the mode of travel, not the route. A special suffix, ‑áyɬ, is used to make a verb out of a mode of travel. So snəxʷɬáyɬ means ‘go by canoe’:
  snəxʷɬáyɬ cn ƛ̓aʔmətúliyə.    ‘I go by canoe to Victoria.’
  ► 5  When specifying a route, you can even use a particular place. In tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔmətúliyə  ‘I went through (by way of) Victoria,’ Victoria is the route.
  ► 6  tx̣ə́nəŋ can be combined with sqíyəŋ ‘go out’ or č̓ə́yəxʷ ‘go in’ or other ‘go’ verbs in this pattern:
  sqíyəŋ cn tx̣ə́nəŋ ʔaʔ cə súɬ.             ‘I go out through the door.’
  č̓ə́yəxʷ cn tx̣ə́nəŋ ʔaʔ cə súɬ.             ‘I enter through the door.’
  Note that in these sentences, súɬ can only mean ‘door,’ since ‘road’ would make no sense in this context.
  ► 7  There are a many verbs in Klallam that, like sqíyəŋ ‘go out’ or č̓ə́yəxʷ ‘go in,’ include the notion ‘go.’ These are called directed motion verbs because they indicate both ‘going’ and the direction of motion. Another useful example is t̓ákʷi ‘go across.’ Appendix D gives a complete list of the Klallam directed motion verbs.
  ► 8  A destination (for example, Victoria) can be specified with tx̣ə́nəŋ using a form of the verb ʔúx̣ʷ  ‘go there’ in the pattern shown in the final model sentence:
  tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ cə qʷúʔ či nəsʔúx̣ʷ ʔaʔmitúliyə.  ‘I go by water to Victoria.’
  tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ cə súɬ či nəsʔúx̣ʷ ʔaʔstətíɬəm.     ‘I go by road to Jamestown.’
  ► 9  Let’s break this last example down and analyze it. We start with the first five words:
  tx̣ə́nəŋ        cn  ʔaʔ   cə   súɬ
  go through  I    by   the  road
  Remember that this can be a sentence by itself, meaning ‘I go by way of the road.’ The last three words specify the destination:
  či    nə‑s‑ʔúx̣ʷ          ʔaʔ‑stətíɬəm
  the  my‑S‑go there   be at‑Jamestown
  This last part of the sentence begins with the article či, making it a noun phrase. The verb ʔúx̣ʷ is converted to a noun with the prefix s‑. Note that the prefix on sʔúx̣ʷ  agrees with the subject of tx̣ə́nəŋ or whatever the main verb is. In this construction it must always agree. Here is a chart to make this clearer:    

  If the subject of the main verb is:	Then sʔúx̣ʷ  must have:
  cn	nə‑sʔúx̣ʷ
  cxʷ	ʔən̓‑sʔúx̣ʷ
  st	sʔúx̣ʷ ‑ɬ
  Æ	sʔúx̣ʷ ‑s

  The actual place named (in this case Jamestown) must be preceded by the ‘be at’ prefix ʔaʔ‑ (see §23.1).
  A literal translation of this last part of the sentence would be ‘my going there to be at Jamestown.’ And a literal translation of the whole sentence tx̣ə́nəŋ cn ʔaʔ cə súɬ či nəsʔúx̣ʷ ʔaʔstətíɬəm would be ‘My going there to be in Jamestown was by way of the road.’
  This last part of the sentence cannot stand alone. It must be preceded by a clause with tx̣ə́nəŋ as the main verb. This is the pattern for specifying a route and a destination.
  ► 10  New vocabulary:  sx̣əy̓kʷəyéʔč  ‘mountains’
  

  	stiməháyɬ u cxʷ či ʔən̓sʔúx̣ʷ	‘Do you go by ferry
  	ʔaʔsiʔáɬ.	to Seattle?’
  	ʔáwə. siq̓aʔwíyəŋ cn tx̣ə́nəŋ ʔaʔ cə súɬ.	‘No. I go around by the road.’
  	ʔuʔx̣ən̓áɬ cn stiməháyɬ.	‘I always go by the ferry.’
  	ʔuʔx̣ən̓áɬ cn tx̣ə́nəŋ ʔaʔ cə súɬ.	‘I always go by the road.’