Klallam GrammarMain MenuKlallam GrammarAlphabet and SoundsBasicsGrammarIntroduction: How to Use This Grammar1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Object Pronouns8 The Preposition and Word Order9 Negative Words10 More Negative Words11 Self and Each Other12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions14 Questions: ‘Whose?’15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions16 Comparison17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’18 Questions: ‘When?’19 Time Expressions20 More Time Expressions21 Time Prefixes22 Questions: ‘Where?’23 Some Place Expressions24 Source, Way, and Destination25 Serial Verbs26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’27 While Clauses28 Adverbial Expressions29 Intensifier Auxiliaries30 Conditional Clauses31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels32 Lexical Suffixes33 Collective Plural34 Possessed Verbs35 So Then ...36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes37 Indirect Quotes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Speech Act Particles42 The Actual: To Be Continuing43 State, Result, and Duration44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent47 Activity Suffixes48 Relative Clauses49 Verbal Prefixes50 Movement and Development Suffixes51 Nominalizing Prefixes52 Adverbial Prefixes53 More Demonstrative Articles54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success55 More Reduplication Patterns56 Interjections57 Rare Suffixes58 A Fully Annotated Text59 Texts to Annotate60 ConclusionAppendicesKlallam DictionaryKlallam-English and English-Klallam sections onlyMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
23.2. Home, inside, and outside
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►1 The Klallam word for ‘house’ or ‘home’ is ʔáʔyəŋ, but there are special words used for talking about going home or arriving home. ►2 The word ʔáʔyəŋ is often pronounced ʔáʔiŋ and is sometimes spelled that way. There are some speakers who always pronounce it ʔáʔiŋ. ►3 The word t̓úk̓ʷ means ‘go home,’ ‘come home,’ or more generally ‘move toward home.’ č̓áŋ̓ means ‘arrive home’ or ‘get home.’ ►4 Just as with the ‘go’ and ‘come’ words shown in §23.1, these words are often accompanied by hiyáʔ ‘go’ and ʔənʔá ‘come.’ ►5 The third pair in the models is really the same pattern as shown in §23.1. The word ʔaʔáʔyəŋ is the word ‘house,’ ʔáʔyəŋ, with the ʔaʔ‑ ‘be at’ prefix. So the whole word means ‘be at home.’ (Note that, as usual, ʔʔ becomes just one glottal stop, ʔ.) ►6 There are actually two meanings for the word ʔaʔáʔyəŋ. One meaning is ‘be at home,’ as we are using it in this section. Another meaning is ‘little house.’ When ʔaʔáʔyəŋ means ‘little house,’ the first ʔaʔ‑ is not the ‘be at’ prefix but the diminutive reduplication. This is covered in §55.1. ►7 The word sqíyəŋ can mean ‘go outside’ or ‘come outside.’ č̓ə́yəxʷ can mean ‘go inside’ or ‘come inside.’