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• 1 2018-07-26T11:46:41-07:00 19.2. Time of day 20 plain 2021-07-16T07:00:42-07:00

  hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či čə́saʔ.	‘I go at two o’clock.’
  hiyáʔ caʔn ʔaʔ či čə́saʔ.	‘I will go at two o’clock.’
  hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ kʷi čə́saʔ.	‘I went at two o’clock.’
  hiyáʔ yaʔ cn ʔaʔ kʷi čə́saʔ.	‘I went at two o’clock.’

  ► 1  Some Klallam speakers use tíntən where English uses ‘o’clock.’ So, for example, ‘I go at two o’clock’ would be hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či čə́saʔ tíntən. The word tíntən also means ‘bell.’ The Klallam use of this word for ‘o’clock’ comes from sailors’ use of phrases such as ‘two bells’ to mean ‘two o’clock.’
  ► 2  In English the ‘o’clock’ is optional. The same is true in Klallam with tíntən. So one may say hiyáʔ caʔn ʔaʔ či čə́saʔ tíntən  ‘I will go at two o’clock’ or hiyáʔ caʔn ʔaʔ či čə́saʔ  ‘I will go at two.’
  ► 3  The time is given as a number, just as in English. Here are the Klallam numbers 1 through 12, in case you haven’t got these memorized yet:

  nə́c̓uʔ	‘one’
  čə́saʔ	‘two’
  ɬíxʷ	‘three’
  ŋús	‘four’
  ɬq̓áčš	‘five’
  t̓x̣ə́ŋ	‘six’
  c̓úʔkʷs	‘seven’
  táʔcs	‘eight’
  tə́kʷxʷ	‘nine’
  ʔúpən	‘ten’
  ʔúpən ʔiʔ či nə́c̓uʔ	‘eleven’
  ʔúpən ʔiʔ či čə́saʔ	‘twelve’

  ► 4  For ‘eleven’ and ‘twelve’ the či is optional. So ʔúpən ʔiʔ nə́c̓uʔ and ʔúpən ʔiʔ čə́saʔ are good, too. More details on numbers in Klallam can be found in §32.3 and Appendix N.
  ► 5  If you are just counting eleven or twelve things,  ʔúpən nə́c̓uʔ and ʔúpən čə́saʔ are good too without the ʔiʔ.
  ► 6  To add am or pm to this, you have to add a phrase: ʔaʔ či kʷaʔčéy̓ ‘in the morning’ for am, and ʔaʔ či táŋən ‘in the evening’ for pm. Keep in mind that here, as elsewhere, či is used for future times, while kʷi is used for past times.
            hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či t̓x̣ə́ŋ tíntən ʔaʔ či kʷaʔčéy̓. ‘I go at six o’clock in the morning.’
           hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či t̓x̣ə́ŋ tíntən ʔaʔ či táŋən.       ‘I go at six o’clock in the evening.’
  ► 7  To add minutes after the hour, use ʔiʔ to conjoin the minutes to the number of the hour:
            hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či tə́kʷxʷ ʔiʔ ʔúpən.          ‘I go at 9:10.’ (literally ‘nine and ten’)
  ► 8  For ‘half past’ use ʔəɬčə́x̣ ‘half,’ and for ‘quarter past’ use ʔəɬkʷátə ‘quarter.’ So 6:30 is t̓x̣ə́ŋ ʔiʔ či ʔəɬčə́x̣, and 6:15 is t̓x̣ə́ŋ ʔiʔ či ʔəɬkʷátə.
  ► 9  Here are some other words for times of day:  kʷaʔčéy̓  ‘morning,’  táŋən  ‘evening,’ ʔəsnát  ‘night,’  q̓íyt  ‘noon,’  čiʔáw q̓íyt  ‘afternoon,’  čiyáy q̓íyt  ‘almost noon, late morning’;  t̓əcʔəsnát  ‘midnight.’
  
  

  	ʔaʔk̓ʷín ʔuč ʔiʔ hiyáʔ cxʷ?	‘What time will you go?’
  	hiyáʔ caʔ st ʔaʔ či c̓úʔkʷs.	‘We’ll go at seven.’
  	c̓úʔkʷs u ʔaʔ či kʷaʔčéy̓?	‘Seven in the morning?’
  	ʔáwə. c̓úʔkʷs ʔaʔ či táŋən.	‘No. Seven in the evening.’