Klallam Grammar Main Menu Klallam Grammar Alphabet and Sounds Basics Grammar Introduction: How to Use This Grammar 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Object Pronouns 8 The Preposition and Word Order 9 Negative Words 10 More Negative Words 11 Self and Each Other 12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’ 13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 14 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions 16 Comparison 17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’ 18 Questions: ‘When?’ 19 Time Expressions 20 More Time Expressions 21 Time Prefixes 22 Questions: ‘Where?’ 23 Some Place Expressions 24 Source, Way, and Destination 25 Serial Verbs 26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 27 While Clauses 28 Adverbial Expressions 29 Intensifier Auxiliaries 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels 32 Lexical Suffixes 33 Collective Plural 34 Possessed Verbs 35 So Then ... 36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 37 Indirect Quotes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Speech Act Particles 42 The Actual: To Be Continuing 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects 46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent 47 Activity Suffixes 48 Relative Clauses 49 Verbal Prefixes 50 Movement and Development Suffixes 51 Nominalizing Prefixes 52 Adverbial Prefixes 53 More Demonstrative Articles 54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success 55 More Reduplication Patterns 56 Interjections 57 Rare Suffixes 58 A Fully Annotated Text 59 Texts to Annotate 60 Conclusion Appendices Klallam Dictionary Klallam-English and English-Klallam sections only

Recorded Klallam Speakers

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ElderTribeDateRecorder
Amy AllenJamestown1953, 1964LM, LT
Emma BalchJamestown, Lummi1953LM
Anna BennettElwha1974LT (NV)
Walter BennettElwha1996–2007TM
Aurelia CelestineJamestown, Lummi1953LM
Beatrice CharlesElwha1992–2009TM
Irene CharlesElwha1974LT (NV)
Lillian CharlesBecher Bay1979–1980TM
Thomas Charles, Sr.Becher Bay, Elwha1979–1999TM, MC
Billy HallJamestown1953LM
Martha JohnPort Gamble1964–1971LT
Emma JohnsonJamestown, Elwha1953LM
Mary Ann LambertJamestown1964LT
Elizabeth PrinceJamestown1964LT
Edward Sampson, Sr.Elwha1991–1996JW, TM
Hazel SampsonJamestown, Elwha1992–1996TM
Richard SampsonElwha1978TM
Ruth SheltonPort Gamble, Tulalip1953LM
Adeline SmithElwha1992–2013TM
Nellie SullivanElwha1974LT
Josephine WilliamsElwha1974LT
The recorders are as follows: LM ‑Leon Metcalf, LT ‑Laurence C. and M. Terry Thompson, TM ‑Timothy Montler, JW ‑Jacilee Wray, MC ‑Michael Charles. The notation (NV) indicates that the voices of these speakers were not tape recorded, though they did provide substantial information through the written transcription of Laurence C. Thompson.

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  1. Preface Montler, et al.