Klallam GrammarMain MenuKlallam GrammarAlphabet and SoundsBasicsGrammarIntroduction: How to Use This Grammar1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Object Pronouns8 The Preposition and Word Order9 Negative Words10 More Negative Words11 Self and Each Other12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions14 Questions: ‘Whose?’15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions16 Comparison17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’18 Questions: ‘When?’19 Time Expressions20 More Time Expressions21 Time Prefixes22 Questions: ‘Where?’23 Some Place Expressions24 Source, Way, and Destination25 Serial Verbs26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’27 While Clauses28 Adverbial Expressions29 Intensifier Auxiliaries30 Conditional Clauses31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels32 Lexical Suffixes33 Collective Plural34 Possessed Verbs35 So Then ...36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes37 Indirect Quotes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Speech Act Particles42 The Actual: To Be Continuing43 State, Result, and Duration44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent47 Activity Suffixes48 Relative Clauses49 Verbal Prefixes50 Movement and Development Suffixes51 Nominalizing Prefixes52 Adverbial Prefixes53 More Demonstrative Articles54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success55 More Reduplication Patterns56 Interjections57 Rare Suffixes58 A Fully Annotated Text59 Texts to Annotate60 ConclusionAppendicesKlallam DictionaryKlallam-English and English-Klallam sections onlyMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
Acknowledgments
12018-07-20T16:01:11-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101309042plain2018-07-20T16:04:34-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101The research that this grammar of Klallam is based on has been supported in part by grants to the Klallam Language Program from the National Park Service and the Administration for Native Americans. A major grant to study Klallam grammar from the National Science Foundation allowed the collection of most of the grammatical information in this book. Work conducted on a Documenting Endangered Languages grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities) produced the Klallam Dictionary (Montler 2012) and contributed substantially to the comprehensiveness of this grammar. Smaller grants from the Jacobs Funds of the Whatcom Museum and the University of North Texas provided important pilot project support. We are grateful for the support and encouragement of the members of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and all of the tribal councils since the beginning of this project in 1992. The cooperation of the administration, faculty, and students of Peninsula College, Northwest Indian College, and especially the Port Angeles School District, has been indispensable in making this grammar useful to a broad audience. Special thanks are due to Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson for their early help and guidance and for their generosity in sharing their recordings and field notes. Comments and suggestions from Klallam language teachers Jamie Valadez, Wendy Sampson, Georgianne Charles, Harmony Arakawa, Linda Laungayan, and their students have helped shape this book. Comments from students at UNT have been very helpful and encouraging. Jacqueline Volin and the other folks at UW Press gave me much guidance. I especially thank Kerrie Maynes, copy-editor, who did a superb, meticulous job. I thank Willem de Reuse for his suggestions. Ivy Doak gave a late version of this book a careful reading. I thank her for her many suggestions, comments, and moral support. Maggie Montler and Patrick Montler, who accompanied us on summers in Klallam country, have been more helpful than they suspect.
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12018-07-20T12:16:49-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101PrefaceMontler, et al.33plain2021-07-14T07:38:24-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101