Klallam GrammarMain MenuKlallam GrammarAlphabet and SoundsBasicsGrammarIntroduction: How to Use This Grammar1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Object Pronouns8 The Preposition and Word Order9 Negative Words10 More Negative Words11 Self and Each Other12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions14 Questions: ‘Whose?’15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions16 Comparison17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’18 Questions: ‘When?’19 Time Expressions20 More Time Expressions21 Time Prefixes22 Questions: ‘Where?’23 Some Place Expressions24 Source, Way, and Destination25 Serial Verbs26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’27 While Clauses28 Adverbial Expressions29 Intensifier Auxiliaries30 Conditional Clauses31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels32 Lexical Suffixes33 Collective Plural34 Possessed Verbs35 So Then ...36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes37 Indirect Quotes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Speech Act Particles42 The Actual: To Be Continuing43 State, Result, and Duration44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent47 Activity Suffixes48 Relative Clauses49 Verbal Prefixes50 Movement and Development Suffixes51 Nominalizing Prefixes52 Adverbial Prefixes53 More Demonstrative Articles54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success55 More Reduplication Patterns56 Interjections57 Rare Suffixes58 A Fully Annotated Text59 Texts to Annotate60 ConclusionAppendicesKlallam DictionaryKlallam-English and English-Klallam sections onlyMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
Basic Klallam Language Instructional Video 1 "Klallam Alphabet"
12018-07-21T02:33:11-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101309041Introduction to the Klallam alphabet.plain2018-07-21T02:33:12-07:00YouTube2014-03-27T23:38:27.000ZWam8MI8GmeQKlallam LanguageMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
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12018-07-16T14:48:13-07:00Alphabet and Sounds25plain7798302021-08-22T13:43:57-07:00The Klallam alphabet is based on a standard set of symbols used in writing many of the Native American languages of the Northwest. Since the Klallam language has several sounds not found in European languages like English, some special symbols must be used to represent these sounds. Although some of the symbols may be unfamiliar, Klallam spelling is really much easier than English spelling. In Klallam each symbol generally stands for one sound, and each sound has one symbol. This is not true of English spelling where, for example, words like ‘enough,’ ‘cough,’ and ‘dough’ are spelled with letters that are either not pronounced at all or have an unexpected pronunciation. The following is a list of all of the letters of the Klallam alphabet, shown in their alphabetical order: ʔ a c c̓ č č̓ e ə h i k kʷ k̓ʷ l ɬ ƛ̓ m m̓ n n̓ ŋ ŋ̓ p p̓ q q̓ qʷ q̓ʷ s š t t̓ u w w̓ xʷ x̣ x̣ʷ y y̓ The following charts show the sounds of Klallam arranged according to where and how the sound is produced in the mouth. A chart in Appendix A gives the technical linguistic description of each Klallam sound.