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Klallam Grammar Main Menu Klallam Grammar Alphabet and Sounds Basics Grammar Introduction: How to Use This Grammar 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Object Pronouns 8 The Preposition and Word Order 9 Negative Words 10 More Negative Words 11 Self and Each Other 12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’ 13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 14 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions 16 Comparison 17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’ 18 Questions: ‘When?’ 19 Time Expressions 20 More Time Expressions 21 Time Prefixes 22 Questions: ‘Where?’ 23 Some Place Expressions 24 Source, Way, and Destination 25 Serial Verbs 26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 27 While Clauses 28 Adverbial Expressions 29 Intensifier Auxiliaries 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels 32 Lexical Suffixes 33 Collective Plural 34 Possessed Verbs 35 So Then ... 36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 37 Indirect Quotes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Speech Act Particles 42 The Actual: To Be Continuing 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects 46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent 47 Activity Suffixes 48 Relative Clauses 49 Verbal Prefixes 50 Movement and Development Suffixes 51 Nominalizing Prefixes 52 Adverbial Prefixes 53 More Demonstrative Articles 54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success 55 More Reduplication Patterns 56 Interjections 57 Rare Suffixes 58 A Fully Annotated Text 59 Texts to Annotate 60 Conclusion Appendices Klallam Dictionary Klallam-English and English-Klallam sections only

46.2. Noncontrol middle -núŋət

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hiyaʔnúŋət cn.	‘I managed to finally go.’
hiyinúŋət cn.	‘I managed to stay alive.’
ʔiɬənnúŋət cn.	‘I finally got to eat.’
štəŋnúŋət cn.	‘I finally walked.’
kʷiʔnúŋət cn.	‘I dreamed.’
ƛ̓kʷnúŋət cn.	‘I managed to grab (something).’
ŋəq̓núŋət cn.	‘I accidentally swallowed (something).’
čukʷnúŋət cn.	‘I accidentally shot myself.’
x̣čnúŋət cn.	‘I managed to find out’ or ‘I found out about myself.’

► 1 It should be clear from the examples that the primary meaning for this suffix is noncontrol. Other noncontrol suffixes have been introduced in §7.2, §11.2.2, and §31.2. Noncontrol here means the same as in those previous sections: ‘accidentally’ or ‘manage to succeed after trying’ or ‘finally get to.’ In all of these, the agent does something without being in complete, direct control.
► 2 The ‑núŋət suffix is not always translated with ‘finally’ or ‘accidentally.’ The fifth model, for example, kʷiʔnúŋət cn ‘I dreamed,’ is not translated this way, but the noncontrol meaning can be easily seen in the idea of dreaming where the dreamer is not in control of the situation.
► 3 The ‑núŋət suffix is similar in meaning to the ‑nəxʷ ‘noncontrol transitive’ (§7.2). The difference is that ‑núŋət is intransitive.
► 4 The ‑núŋət suffix is also similar in meaning to the ‑əŋ ‘middle’ suffix (§44). The difference is that ‑núŋət adds the noncontrol meaning.
► 5 Just like the ‑əŋ ‘middle,’ the ‑núŋət noncontrol middle can sometimes be interpreted as a reflexive. The last two models show this. The last model shows that the interpretation could be either reflexive or simply noncontrol. The reflexive interpretation is rarer for the ‑núŋət noncontrol middle than it is for ‑əŋ ‘middle.’
► 6 As the models show, the ‑núŋət suffix attaches to the verb root and only to verbs. The fourth model štəŋnúŋət shows the noncontrol middle suffixed onto a one-participant middle (§44.3) stem.
► 7 The ‑núŋət suffix is always stressed.

	ƛ̓iw̓núŋət cə nəsqáxaʔ.	‘My dog managed to run away.’
	č̓əŋ̓núŋət caʔ.	‘It will manage to get home.’