Klallam Grammar

3.2. Yes/no questions: ____ u


hiyáʔ u cxʷ.‘Did you go?’ or ‘Are you going?’
ƛ̓kʷə́t u st.‘Are we going to take it?’ or ‘Did we take it?’
hiyáʔ u yaʔ cxʷ.‘Did you go?’
ƛ̓kʷə́t u caʔ st.‘Are we going to take it?’

1  A yes/no question is any question that can be answered with a ‘yes’ or a ‘no.’ Some examples of yes/no questions in English are ‘Did you go?’ and ‘Are we going to take it?’
2  The formation of yes/no questions in Klallam is very easy. Simply put u right after the verb.
3  If there is any tense marker, the u goes before it. But remember that the tense marker is optional if the context makes it clear.
4  There are types of questions that require an answer other than ‘yes’ or ‘no.’ These other types of questions are the ‘who,’ ‘what,’ ‘how,’ ‘where,’ ‘when,’ and ‘why’ questions. These questions are a little more complicated in Klallam and are covered later.
5  Note that this little particle is never stressed.
6  The Klallam Language Program has decided to make the use of question marks optional. Since the u clearly marks the sentence as a question, most students feel that the European style marker ? at the end is unnecessary. One reason to not use the question mark is that can be easily mistaken for a glottal stop. This book does not use the question mark in Klallam sentences, but be aware that some like it and some don’t.
ʔuʔə́y̓ u cxʷ.‘Are you well?’
ʔuʔə́y̓ cn.‘I’m fine.’
štə́ŋ u caʔ cxʷ.‘Will you walk?’
ʔáwə. kʷánəŋət caʔn.‘No. I’ll run.’

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