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• 1 2018-07-26T12:46:55-07:00 20.4. Before and past times 9 plain 2022-06-04T11:23:46-07:00

  hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či čəyáy ʔaʔ či čə́saʔ.	‘I go before two (o’clock).’
  hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či čiʔáw ʔaʔ či čə́saʔ.	‘I go after two (o’clock).’
  hiyáʔ cn ʔaʔ či čiʔáw skʷáči.	‘I went in days past.’

  
  ► 1  In §20.3 we learned that čəyáy can mean ‘almost’ or ‘barely,’ depending on the grammar of the sentence. Here, in the first model sentence, we see that it can have another, related meaning: ‘before, preceding in time.’
  ► 2  The grammatical patterns found in these three models should be familiar to you by now. If not, review §20.1.
  ► 3  The major new item in this section is the word čiʔáw, which means ‘past’ or ‘after.’ The second model sentence could also be translated ‘I go past two (o’clock).’
  ► 4  To talk about ‘in years past,’ substitute the word sčiʔánəŋ ‘year’ for skʷáči:  ʔaʔ kʷi čiʔáw sčiʔánəŋ.
  

  	ʔaʔk̓ʷín caʔ ʔay̓ ʔiʔ čəm̓əsnə́kʷi cxʷ ʔaʔ cə ʔən̓sčáʔčaʔ.	‘What time do you meet your friend?’
  	čəm̓əsnə́kʷi st ʔaʔ či čiʔáw ʔaʔ či ŋús.	‘We meet after four.’
  	hiyáʔ u cxʷ hay ƛ̓aʔtáwn.	‘Will you go to town?’
  	ʔáwə. ʔaʔáʔyəŋ caʔ st.	‘No. We’ll be at home.’