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Klallam Grammar Main Menu Klallam Grammar Alphabet and Sounds Basics Grammar Introduction: How to Use This Grammar 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Object Pronouns 8 The Preposition and Word Order 9 Negative Words 10 More Negative Words 11 Self and Each Other 12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’ 13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 14 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions 16 Comparison 17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’ 18 Questions: ‘When?’ 19 Time Expressions 20 More Time Expressions 21 Time Prefixes 22 Questions: ‘Where?’ 23 Some Place Expressions 24 Source, Way, and Destination 25 Serial Verbs 26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 27 While Clauses 28 Adverbial Expressions 29 Intensifier Auxiliaries 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels 32 Lexical Suffixes 33 Collective Plural 34 Possessed Verbs 35 So Then ... 36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 37 Indirect Quotes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Speech Act Particles 42 The Actual: To Be Continuing 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects 46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent 47 Activity Suffixes 48 Relative Clauses 49 Verbal Prefixes 50 Movement and Development Suffixes 51 Nominalizing Prefixes 52 Adverbial Prefixes 53 More Demonstrative Articles 54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success 55 More Reduplication Patterns 56 Interjections 57 Rare Suffixes 58 A Fully Annotated Text 59 Texts to Annotate 60 Conclusion Appendices Klallam Dictionary Klallam-English and English-Klallam sections only

12.4 Models

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12.4. ‘Do what with?’

ʔistúŋəs cxʷ.	‘What will you do with me?’
ʔistúŋəs cxʷ hay.	‘What will you folks do with me?’
ʔistúŋɬ cxʷ.	‘What will you do with us?’
ʔistúŋɬ cxʷ hay.	‘What will you folks do with us?’
ʔistúŋə cn.	‘What will I do with you?’
ʔistúŋə st.	‘What will we do with you?’
ʔistúŋə cn hay.	‘What will I do with you folks?’
ʔistúŋə st hay.	‘What will we do with you folks?’
ʔístxʷ cn.	‘What will I do with it?’
ʔístxʷ st.	‘What will we do with it?’
ʔístxʷ cxʷ.	‘What will you do with it?’
ʔístxʷ cxʷ hay.	‘What will you folks do with it?’
ʔístəŋ.	‘What will he/she/it/they do with it?’

► 1 The basic form of the verb meaning ‘do what with?’ is ʔístxʷ.
► 2 This transitive verb, ʔístxʷ, takes the same set of objects as the ‑nəxʷ transitive verbs. The object table from §7.2 is repeated here:

	Singular		Plural
1	‑úŋəs	‘me’	‑úŋɬ	‘us’
2	‑úŋə	‘you’	‑úŋə hay	‘you folks’
3	‑∅	‘him, her, it’	‑∅	‘them’

► 3 These sentences mean either ‘do what with?’ or ‘do what to?’ For example, the first model sentence could also be translated ‘What will you do to me?’
► 4 Remember that tense is optional. Since none of these models is marked specifically for past or future tense, they could all be translated with the past as well as the future. For example, the first model sentence could be translated ‘What did you do with me?’ As usual, it is possible to specifically mention past or future tense, so, for example, ʔistúŋəs caʔ cxʷ means ‘what will you do with me?’ and ʔistúŋəs yaʔ cxʷ means ‘What did you do with me?’

	ʔistúŋəs caʔ cxʷ.	‘What will you do with me?’
	hiyaʔtúŋə cn ʔaʔ cə sx̣əɬáw̕txʷ.	‘I’ll take you to the hospital.’
	ʔístxʷ caʔ cxʷ cə ʔən̕snə́xʷɬ.	‘What will you do with your canoe?’
	ɬúyəs st.	‘We’ll leave it behind.’