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• 1 2018-07-23T20:25:24-07:00 7.1. Object pronouns (subject in control): -t verbs 19 plain 2022-02-04T10:41:36-08:00

  	Singular		Plural
  1	-c	‘me’	-úŋɬ	‘us’
  2	-c	‘you’	-c hay	‘you folks’
  3	∅	‘him, her, it’	∅	‘them’

  
  

  kʷənáŋəc cxʷ.	‘You help me.’
  kʷənáŋəc cxʷ hay.	‘You (pl.) help me.’
  kʷənaŋətúŋɬ cxʷ.	‘You help us.’
  kʷənaŋətúŋɬ cxʷ hay.	‘You (pl.) help us.’
  kʷənáŋəc cn.	‘I help you.’
  kʷənáŋəc st.	‘We help you.’
  kʷənáŋəc cn hay.	‘I help you (pl.).’
  kʷənáŋəc st hay.	‘We help you (pl.).’
  kʷənáŋət cn.	‘I help him/her/it/them.’
  kʷənáŋət st.	‘We help him/her/it/them.’
  kʷənáŋət cxʷ.	‘You help him/her/it/them.’
  kʷənáŋət cxʷ hay.	‘You (pl.) help him/her/it/them.’
  kʷənáŋəts.	‘He/she/it/they help him/her/it/them.’

  
  ► 1  The object endings meaning ‘me’ and ‘you’ have the same form: ‑c.
  ► 2  The ending ‑t is the control marker. If it is followed by ‑c, the ‑t is dropped. If it is followed by nothing, the object is an understood ‘him,’ ‘her,’ ‘it,’ or ‘them.’
  ► 3  Note that the ‘us’ suffix, ‑úŋɬ, is always stressed.
  ► 4  Notice that there is no example given for ‘he/she/it/they help me’ or for 'he/she/it/they help us' or for ‘he/she/it/they help you.’ A special construction is needed to translate such sentences. To express a first-person (‘me’, 'us') or second-person (‘you’) object with a ‘he/she/it/they’ subject, Klallam uses the passive construction. The passive is discussed in detail in §31. Here we will just show the basic pattern:
            kʷənáŋətəŋ cn.                   ‘He/she/it/they help me.’
            kʷənáŋətəŋ st.                    ‘He/she/it/they help us.’
            kʷənáŋətəŋ cxʷ.                 ‘He/she/it/they help you.’
  

  	ʔuʔə́y̓ u cxʷ.	‘Are you okay?’
  	ʔáwə! kʷənáŋəc či.	‘No! Help me!’
  	kʷənáŋəc caʔn.	‘I’ll help you.’
  	háʔnəŋ cn!	‘Thank you!’