Klallam GrammarMain MenuKlallam GrammarAlphabet and SoundsBasicsGrammarIntroduction: How to Use This Grammar1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Object Pronouns8 The Preposition and Word Order9 Negative Words10 More Negative Words11 Self and Each Other12 Questions: ‘Who?’ and ‘What?’13 Subordinate Subjects in Questions14 Questions: ‘Whose?’15 Focus Pronouns and Answering Questions16 Comparison17 Conjunction: ‘And/with,’ ‘but/without,’ and ‘or’18 Questions: ‘When?’19 Time Expressions20 More Time Expressions21 Time Prefixes22 Questions: ‘Where?’23 Some Place Expressions24 Source, Way, and Destination25 Serial Verbs26 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’27 While Clauses28 Adverbial Expressions29 Intensifier Auxiliaries30 Conditional Clauses31 Passive Sentences and Shifting Vowels32 Lexical Suffixes33 Collective Plural34 Possessed Verbs35 So Then ...36 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes37 Indirect Quotes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Speech Act Particles42 The Actual: To Be Continuing43 State, Result, and Duration44 Participant Roles and Middle Voice45 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Source Objects46 Reflexive, Noncontrol Middle, and Contingent47 Activity Suffixes48 Relative Clauses49 Verbal Prefixes50 Movement and Development Suffixes51 Nominalizing Prefixes52 Adverbial Prefixes53 More Demonstrative Articles54 Objects of Intent, Emotion, Direction, and Success55 More Reduplication Patterns56 Interjections57 Rare Suffixes58 A Fully Annotated Text59 Texts to Annotate60 ConclusionAppendicesKlallam DictionaryKlallam-English and English-Klallam sections onlyMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
Basic Klallam Language Instructional Video 9: Blackfish Power
12018-07-21T14:41:51-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101309041Blackfish Power Story as told by c̕ac̕maʔcút (Ed Sampson) Illustrations by: Sky Arakawa AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAM FAMILIES: Please take the time to ...plain2018-07-21T14:41:51-07:00YouTube2016-06-02T20:23:28.000ZaANAzXaW6pEKlallam LanguageMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
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12018-07-20T18:38:35-07:004 Nouns and Articles6plain7798712018-07-23T12:03:55-07:00Articles and nouns go together. Nouns can usually be thought of as words referring to people, places, or things. In English articles are small words that precede nouns. In English the articles are ‘the,’ ‘a,’ ‘an,’ ‘this,’ ‘that,’ ‘these,’ and ‘those.’ The articles that point directly at some noun, like ‘this,’ ‘that,’ ‘these,’ and ‘those,’ are also called demonstratives.
A noun phrase is a noun with its article. In an English noun phrase the article precedes the noun as in ‘the deer,’ ‘a deer,’ ‘an elk,’ ‘this deer,’ ‘that deer,’ ‘these deer,’ and ‘those deer.’
In the Klallam language, articles precede nouns just as in English. However, there are important differences.
First, in English an article is sometimes not required to make a grammatical sentence, as in ‘I saw deer.’ In English we could also say ‘I saw a deer,’ ‘I saw the deer,’ and so on. In Klallam, however, every noun must have an article.
A second difference between English and Klallam articles is that Klallam has many more articles than English. This section introduces a few of the most common basic Klallam articles. The other demonstrative articles will be covered in §53. A complete list of the Klallam demonstratives can be found in Appendix C.
The third difference is that the English and Klallam articles do not always match in meaning. For example, there is no article in Klallam that exactly matches the meaning and use of ‘a’ or ‘the’ in English.