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• 1 2018-07-28T12:46:52-07:00 54.2. -táxʷ ‘object of emotion’ 6 plain 2024-04-04T09:55:24-07:00

  x̣ɬtáŋəs u cxʷ.	‘Do you feel sorry for me?’
  x̣ɬtáŋəs u cxʷ hay.	‘Do you folks feel sorry for me?’
  x̣ɬtáŋɬ u cxʷ.	‘Do you feel sorry for us?’
  x̣ɬtáŋɬ u cxʷ hay.	‘Do you folks feel sorry for us?’
  x̣ɬtáŋə cn.	‘I feel sorry for you.’
  x̣ɬtáŋə st.	‘We feel sorry for you.’
  x̣ɬtáŋə cn hay.	‘I feel sorry for you folks.’
  x̣ɬtáŋə st hay.	‘We feel sorry for you folks.’
  x̣ɬtáxʷ cn.	‘I feel sorry for him/her/them.’
  x̣ɬtáxʷ st.	‘We feel sorry for him/her/them.’
  x̣ɬtáxʷ u cxʷ.	‘Do you feel sorry for him/her/them?’
  x̣ɬtáxʷ u cxʷ hay.	‘Do you folks feel sorry for him/her/them?’
  x̣ɬtás.	‘He/she feels sorry for him/her/them.’

  
  ► 1 The verb root in each of these models is probably familiar to you. It is the same as the root in x̣ə́ɬ ‘hurt, feel bad.’ In each of the models this root is followed by a form of the object of emotion suffix  ‑táxʷ. The root x̣ɬ is a zero stem, so appears without a vowel when a stressed suffix like ‑táxʷ follows.
  ► 2 We call this suffix the ‘object of emotion’ transitivizer because adding it to a stem adds the idea of a direct object that the subject feels some emotion for. In the case of these models with the x̣əɬ stem, the subject ‘hurts’ or ‘feels bad’ for the object. This is best translated into English as ‘feel sorry for.’
  ► 3 The object suffixes that go with this transitivizer are like the ‑nəxʷ and ‑txʷ sets (§7.2, §40.2) except that with zero stems and weak stems, the stressed vowel at the beginning of each suffix is á, not ú. This suffix has the form ‑txʷ when it is on a strong stem such as sx̣áʔəs ‘bad.’
  ► 4 There are only three stems in modern Klallam that this object of emotion suffix occurs on:  x̣əɬ ‘hurt, feel bad;’ ʔəy̓ ‘good;’ and sx̣áʔəs ‘bad.’ Adding the suffix changes the meaning:  x̣ɬtáxʷ ‘feel sorry for someone;’ ʔiʔtáxʷ ‘enjoy it;’ sx̣áʔəstxʷ ‘dislike it.’
  ► 5 ʔiʔtáxʷ ‘enjoy it’ comes from the root ʔə́y̓ ‘good.’ When the stress falls on the suffix ‑táxʷ, the root loses the schwa, then ʔy̓ becomes ʔiʔ.
  ► 6 The ʔiʔtáxʷ ‘enjoy it’ is usually used to refer to enjoying food or particular activities. It can, apparently, be used with a human object only in special situations. For example, ʔiʔtáŋə cn ‘I enjoy you’ is more intimate than nəsƛ̓éʔ cxʷ ‘I like you.’
  

  	x̣ɬtáxʷ cn cə ʔən̓sqáx̣aʔ.
  	ʔaʔstúʔŋət kʷaʔčaʔ.
  	ʔaʔuʔáwə c ŋə́n̓ cə sʔíɬəns.
  	ʔuʔmán̓ ʔuʔ ʔiʔtáxʷ či sc̓úm̓.