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• 1 2018-07-28T12:45:15-07:00 47.2. Customary -iŋəɬ and habitual -ənəq 3 plain 2021-07-16T14:05:59-07:00

  čəníŋəɬ cn.	‘I planted.’
  q̓ʷəyíŋəɬ cn.	‘I cooked.’
  c̓aʔkʷíŋəɬ cn.	‘I did laundry.’
  k̓ʷsə́nəq cn.	‘I preached.’
  pstə́nəq cn.	‘I’m jealous.’
  k̓ʷənəstə́nəq cn.	‘I’m showing off.’

  
  ► 1 The first three models show the ‑iŋəɬ suffix, that, for want of a better name, has been called ‘customary.’
  ► 2 The ‑iŋəɬ suffix attaches to a verb stem to produce a word that refers to a regular, customary activity. The three models with this suffix are typical in that they refer to activities related to work or jobs.
  ► 3 The ‑iŋəɬ suffix attaches only to intransitive verb stems.
  ► 4 The ‑ənəq suffix has broader meaning than the -iŋəɬ ‘customary’ suffix. Generally the meaning of ‑ənəq relates to some activity that is typical, regular, or habitual of the subject.
  ► 5 The fourth model, with ‑ənəq, has an intransitive root meaning ‘advise.’ Adding the suffix makes it ‘preach,’ which can be taken to mean ‘advise habitually’ or ‘advise regularly.’
  ► 6 Unlike ‑iŋəɬ ‘customary’ and most other suffixes, the ‑ənəq ‘habitual’ can be attached to a transitive or causative stem. Examples of this are shown in the last two models. Identification of the stems in these last two models is left as an exercise.
  

  	c̓aʔkʷíŋəɬ u cxʷ.	‘Did you do laundry?’
  	ʔáwə či c k̓ʷsə́nəq.	‘Don’t preach.’
  	ʔáwə cn c k̓ʷsə́nəq. čtáʔc cn.	‘I’m not preaching. I’m asking you.’
  	c̓aʔkʷíŋəɬ yaʔ cn ʔaʔ kʷi čiʔáqɬ.	‘I did laundry yesterday.’