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• 1 2018-07-28T12:41:40-07:00 41.2. ta ‘thought,’ wuʔ ‘wonder,’ čtə ‘probably,’ and ʔučtə ‘expected’ 4 plain 2022-06-03T13:10:33-07:00

  kʷánəŋət ta cə nəsčáʔčaʔ.	‘I thought my friend ran.’
  kʷánəŋət wuʔ cə nəsčáʔčaʔ.	‘I wonder if my friend ran.’
  kʷánəŋət čtə cə nəsčáʔčaʔ.	‘My friend probably ran.’
  kʷánəŋət ʔučtə cə nəsčáʔčaʔ.	‘As expected, my friend ran.’

  
  ► 1 Note that, although some of the English translations of these speech act particles have ‘I,’ there is no Klallam word in the sentence that directly refers to ‘I.’
  ► 2 The ta particle is used when the speaker believes that the event is not true and wants the addressee to know that he or she had previously been under the impression that it was true. This is always translated with ‘I thought’ or ‘I thought that.’ This particle can also be pronounced ti or tə.
  ► 3 The wuʔ particle is used when the speaker does not know if the event is true and wants the addressee to know that he is wondering if it is or will be true. This is translated with ‘I wonder’ and sometimes with ‘maybe.’
  ► 4 The čtə particle is used when the speaker wants the addressee to know that the event may not have happened, but that the speaker is pretty sure it did. The best English translation for this is ‘probably.’
  ► 5 The ʔučtə particle is used when the speaker wants the addressee to know that the event is predictable, expected. It can be translated as in the model or with ‘of course’ or ‘predictably.’
  ► 6 These are all quite commonly used in stories and conversation.
  

  	čə́saʔ ixʷ.	‘It’s two, I guess.’
  	ɬíxʷ iq.	‘I wish it were three.’
  	x̣čŋín tə ʔaʔ či ʔən̓sƛ̓éʔ cə skʷúl.	‘I thought you liked school.’
  	mán̓ cn ʔuʔ ɬčíkʷs ʔaʔ tiə skʷáči.	‘I’m very tired today.’